12th STANDARD BIO BOTANY BIOLOGY Higher Secondary Second Year Tamil Nadu State Board SYLLABUS

UNIT – 1 Taxonomy of Angiosperms

Types of classifications – artificial – natural – phylogenetic. Biosystematics – binomial nomenclature – herbarium and its uses. Bentham and Hooker’s classification of plants – families – Malvaceae – Solanaceae – Euphorbiaceae – Musaceae and their Economic importance.

UNIT 1 AUDIO EXPLANATION:

UNIT – 2 Plant anatomy

Tissue and tissue systems – anatomy of monocot and dicot roots – anatomy of monocot and dicot stems – anatomy of dicot leaf.

UNIT 2 AUDIO EXPLANATION:

UNIT – 3 Cell biology and genetics

Chromosomes – structure and types – genes and genomes – linkage and crossing over – gene mapping – recombination of chromosomes – mutation – chromosomal aberrations – DNA as genetic material – structure of DNA – replication of DNA – structure of RNA and its types.

UNIT 3 AUDIO EXPLANATION:

STRUCTURE OF CHROMOSOME – CELL BIOLOGY
Types of chromosomes with special types
Gene and genome
Linkage and mechanism of linkage
Crossing over, gene mapping and recombination of chromosome
Mutation and classification of mutation
Mutagenic agents and its significance
Structural Chromosomal aberrations
Numerical chromosomal aberrations
Role of DNA
Structure of DNA and Function of DNA
Replication of DNA
Structure of RNA and Types of RNA

UNIT – 4 Biotechnology

Recombinant DNA technology – transgenic plants and microbes – plant tissue culture and its application – protoplasmic fusion – single cell protein.

UNIT 4 AUDIO EXPLANATION:

UNIT – 5 Plant physiology

Photosynthesis – significance – site of photosynthesis – photochemical and biosynthetic phases – electron transport system – cyclic and non-cyclic and Cphotophosphorylation – C pathways – photorespiration – factors – saprophytic – parasitic and insectivorous plants – chemosynthesis – respiration – mechanism of glycolysis – Krebs cycle – pentose phosphate pathway – anaerobic respiration – respiratory quotient – compensation pointaffecting photosynthesis – mode of nutrition – autotrophic – heterotrophic – fermentation. Plant growth – growth regulators – phytohormones – auxins – gibberellins – cytokinins – ethylene and abscisic acid. Photoperiodism and vernalization.

UNIT 5 AUDIO EXPLANATION:

UNIT – 6 Biology in human welfare

Food production – breeding experiments – improved varieties and role of biofertilizers. Crop diseases and their control – biopesticides – genetically modified food – biowar – biopiracy – biopatent – sustained agriculture and medicinal plants including microbes. Economic importance – food yielding (rice) – oil yielding (groundnut) – fibre yielding (cotton) and timber yielding (teak) plants.