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12th botany neet school

Hybridization in plant breeding

Hybridization in plant breeding

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India has several varieties of crops such as maize, tobacco, tomato,
potato and brinjal which were introduced from countries such as America, China and Australia. Introduced varieties sometimes do not get adjusted easily with our local environment.

It takes some time for these introduced crops to settle. Sometimes, it is essential to select suitable and desirable variety from the introduced plants. For example, a mung Phaseolus mungo variety was introduced from China but was not giving good yield and produced dull coloured seeds. From amongst the introduced mung crop, a plant suddenly produced large and bright coloured seeds.

This aspect may be due to sudden mutation. This variant plant was selected and further subjected to inter or intra specific crosses with our native crop. In this way, new varieties were produced and released as newly developed mung variety. Such a mung No.1 variety is now being cultivated in Punjab.

Hybridization

Hybridization is a method in plant breeding to improve the native crops by obtaining diverse genotypes that can be used as a source material for collection of crop with desirable characters and genes obtained from many parts of the world.

It involves crossing of two varieties or species or genera having desirable genes and breeding them together of the desirable traits into one progeny, which is called the hybrid. Hybrids are the products of first generation obtained by crossing genetically unrelated parents. When two individuals of the same species are crossed, it is called inbreeding or selfing or self-pollination.

This results in the increase of homozygosity. Particularly homozygous recessive alleles develop loss of vigor in plants. By careful observation of morphological features, we can remove these deleterious and harmful alleles by selection.

Protoplasmic fusion or somatic hybridization

A hybrid produced from fusion of protoplasts of two different species is called somatic hybridization. Naked protoplasts are obtained through dissolution of their cell walls by the macerating enzymes such as pectinase and cellulase.

Fusion of protoplasts from two different varieties can be enhanced by treatment with the chemical called polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the presence of high voltage electric current on a suitable medium.

By this method somatic hybrid plants with desirable changes can be obtained.
This method in plant breeding is called protoplasmic fusion. This concept
had been studied by you already in the chapter four.

Heterosis

The superiority of the F1 hybrid in performance over its parents is called heterosis or hybrid vigour. Vigour refers to increase in growth, yield, resistance to diseases, pests and drought.

F1 hybrids of maize show 25% increase in yield when compared to their own parent crop. Vegetative propagation is the best suited measure for maintaining hybrid vigour, since the desired characters are not lost and can persist over a period of time.

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Other links 

 

Plant physiology – photosynthesis and its significance


BIOLOGY IN HUMAN WELFARE Introduction & Food production


Aims of plant breeding


Aspects of plant breeding and Types


 

Polyploid breeding, Mutation breeding, Breeding for disease resistance


Genetic engineering, Improved varieties, Role of biofertilizers


Green manuring, Mycorrhiza as biofertilizer


Benefits from biofertilizers


Crop diseases and their control, Rice – Oryza sativa


Groundnut or peanut – Arachis hypogea


Citrus canker, Tungro disease of rice


Biocontrol of insect pests Bacterial pesticides


Genetically modified food


Bio war, Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) in biological warfare


Biopiracy, Bioresources, Biomolecules, Biopatent, Biotechnology


Sustainable agriculture


Medicinal plants including microbes


Commonly Available Medicinal Plants


Microbes in medicine


Economic importance of Food plant Rice


Oil plant Groundnut Economic importance


Fibre plant – Cotton Economic importance


Timber yielding plant Teak Economic importance


Categories
12th botany neet school

Aspects of plant breeding and Types

Aspects of plant breeding

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Present day crop plants are from wild species reared by careful
domestication, cultivation and management. We have several wild varieties
existing in nature just as in the case of salinity tolerant wild rice.

Through gene manipulation, the gene for salinity tolerance could be cloned in a
rice variety. In such of those areas where shortage of fresh water exists,
rice can be cultivated using seawater and can even be grown in extreme
saline soil.

Similarly, we need many more such wild plants showing increased capacity to extremes of climatic conditions and disease resistance for plant breeding programmes. In order to safeguard the biodiversity and certain important valuable crops from going into extinction, scientists are protecting these crops by establishing gene or germplasm banks by preserving their seeds.

Selection


It is one of the oldest procedures in which individual plants or group
of plants are sorted out from mixed population.

Thus eliminating undesirable ones. Selection methods are of two types – mass selection and pure line selection.

Mass selection

In this method, plants are selected based on their desirable morphological characters (phenotype). Their seeds are composite or mixed and the progenies are grown in masses. They are not individually tested.

After repeated selection for about five to six years, selected seeds are multiplied and distributed to farmers. The only disadvantage of mass selection is that it is difficult to distinguish hereditary variation from environmental variation.

Pure line selection

A pure line is a collection of plants obtained as a result of repeated
self-pollination from a single homozygous individual. Hence, a variety
formed by this method shows more homozygosity with respect to all genes.

One disadvantage is that new genotypes are never created by this method.
Genetic variability is essential for adaptations in different environmental
and seasonal conditions.

Clonal selection

Crops like sugarcane, potato, tea, banana and certain species of grasses
are asexually propagated and produce very poor seeds. Based on their
phenotypic appearance, the method of clonal selection is employed to
select improved variety from a mixed population (clones).

Selected plants are multiplied through vegetative propagation to give rise to a clone. The genotype of a clone remains unchanged for a long period of time.

Back to botany topic list

Other links 

 

Plant physiology – photosynthesis and its significance


BIOLOGY IN HUMAN WELFARE Introduction & Food production


Aims of plant breeding


Hybridization in plant breeding


Polyploid breeding, Mutation breeding, Breeding for disease resistance


Genetic engineering, Improved varieties, Role of biofertilizers


Green manuring, Mycorrhiza as biofertilizer


Benefits from biofertilizers


Crop diseases and their control, Rice – Oryza sativa


Groundnut or peanut – Arachis hypogea


Citrus canker, Tungro disease of rice


Biocontrol of insect pests Bacterial pesticides


Genetically modified food


Bio war, Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) in biological warfare


Biopiracy, Bioresources, Biomolecules, Biopatent, Biotechnology


Sustainable agriculture


Medicinal plants including microbes


Commonly Available Medicinal Plants


Microbes in medicine


Economic importance of Food plant Rice


Oil plant Groundnut Economic importance


Fibre plant – Cotton Economic importance


Timber yielding plant Teak Economic importance


Categories
12th botany neet school

Aims of plant breeding

Aims of plant breeding

The first and foremost aim in plant breeding is to create useful variation in the crop plant. This can be achieved by the following measures.

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1. Bringing wild food crops to cultivation. (wheat, oats and many cereal crops were once wild plants which had now been domesticated).

2. Obtaining genes from desirable plants or related species (eg. as seeds from various parts of the world).

3. Introduction of plants from nearby regions or even from other
countries for improvement of the crop. (eg. cauliflower, tomato,
potato and soyabeans).

4. By employing certain plant breeding techniques, new varieties are
developed. eg. maize, sorghum, cotton and sunflower.

5. Auto and Allopolyploid breeding.

6. By inducing mutations using physical and chemical mutagens.

7. Production of haploids by the application of plant tissue culture of
anther and ovary.

8. Improvement of nutritional quality by genetic engineering (eg.
Fortified rice – iron rich rice and carotene rich rice).

9. Development of disease, drought and environmental stress resistant
varieties.

Back to botany topic list

Other links 

 

Plant physiology – photosynthesis and its significance


BIOLOGY IN HUMAN WELFARE Introduction & Food production


Aspects of plant breeding and Types


Hybridization in plant breeding


Polyploid breeding, Mutation breeding, Breeding for disease resistance


Genetic engineering, Improved varieties, Role of biofertilizers


Green manuring, Mycorrhiza as biofertilizer


Benefits from biofertilizers


Crop diseases and their control, Rice – Oryza sativa


Groundnut or peanut – Arachis hypogea


Citrus canker, Tungro disease of rice


Biocontrol of insect pests Bacterial pesticides


Genetically modified food


Bio war, Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) in biological warfare


Biopiracy, Bioresources, Biomolecules, Biopatent, Biotechnology


Sustainable agriculture


Medicinal plants including microbes


Commonly Available Medicinal Plants


Microbes in medicine


Economic importance of Food plant Rice


Oil plant Groundnut Economic importance


Fibre plant – Cotton Economic importance


Timber yielding plant Teak Economic importance


Categories
UG syllabus R-2017

HS8151 COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH Regulation 2017 Anna University Semester 1

SYLLABUS and Question Bank OF COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH – HS8151 Regulation 2017 Anna University Semester 1

HS8151 UNIT I SHARING INFORMATION RELATED TO ONESELF /FAMILY& FRIENDS

Reading- short comprehension passages, practice in skimming-scanning and predicting- Writing- completing sentences- – developing hints. Listening- short texts- short formal and informal conversations. Speaking- introducing oneself – exchanging personal information- Language development- Wh- Questions- asking and answering-yes or no questions- parts of speech. Vocabulary development– prefixes- suffixes- articles.- count/ uncount nouns.

HS8151 UNIT II GENERAL READING AND FREE WRITING

Reading – comprehension-pre-reading-post reading- comprehension questions (multiple choice questions and /or short questions/ open-ended questions)-inductive reading- short narratives and descriptions from newspapers including dialogues and  conversations (also used as short Listening texts)- register- Writing – paragraph writing- topic sentence- main ideas- free writing,
short narrative descriptions using some suggested vocabulary and structures –Listening telephonic conversations. Speaking – sharing information of a personal kind—greeting – taking leave- Language development – prepositions, conjunctions Vocabulary development guessing meanings of words in context.

UNIT III GRAMMAR AND LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

Reading- short texts and longer passages (close reading) Writing- understanding text structure- use of reference words and discourse markers-coherence-jumbled sentences Listening – listening to longer texts and filling up the table- product description- narratives from different sources. Speaking- asking about routine actions and expressing opinions. Language development- degrees of comparison- pronouns- direct vs indirect questions- Vocabulary
development – single word substitutes- adverbs.

HS8151 UNIT IV READING AND LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

Reading- comprehension-reading longer texts- reading different types of texts- magazines Writing- letter writing, informal or personal letters-e-mails-conventions of personal email- Listening- listening to dialogues or conversations and completing exercises based on them. Speaking- speaking about oneself- speaking about one’s friend- Language development- Tenses- simple present-simple past- present continuous and past continuous- Vocabulary development- synonyms-antonyms- phrasal verbs

UNIT V EXTENDED WRITING HS8151

Reading- longer texts- close reading –Writing- brainstorming -writing short essays – developing an outline- identifying main and subordinate ideas- dialogue writing-Listening – listening to talks- conversations- Speaking – participating in conversations- short group conversations-Language development-modal verbs- present/ past perfect tense – Vocabulary development-collocations- fixed and semi-fixed expressions

Subject name COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH
Subject Code HS8151
Semester 1
Regulation 2017 Regulation
File details Syllabus in PDF format in attached
Download CLICK HERE to download the syllabus pdf of COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH

Model Question Paper on Jan 2018 For HS8151 – Click Here

 

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PH8202 PHYSICS FOR GEOINFORMATICS ENGINEERING

SYLLABUS OF PHYSICS FOR GEOINFORMATICS ENGINEERING – PH8202 Regulation 2017 Anna University Semester 2

OBJECTIVES: PH8202

  • To understand PH8202 the principles of radiation mechanism, and energy interactions with atmosphere and earth features.
  • For gaining knowledge about the gravitational fields and its variations on earth.
  • To introduce imaging and non-imaging sensors in measuring and recoding energy variations.

UNIT I ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION PH8202

Electromagnetic Spectrum – radiation quantities – spectral quantities – relationship between luminous and radiant quantities – hemispherical reflectance, transmittance and absorbance,
measurement of electromagnetic radiation – responsivity – normalization, radiating structures – thermal emission – fluorescent emission – radiation principles – Planck‘s law, Wien’s Displacement
Law, Stefan’s Boltzmann law, Kirchoff‘s law.

PH8202 UNIT II INTERACTION OF EMR WITH ATMOSPHERE AND EARTH’S SURFACE

Introduction to atmosphere, atmospheric composition, atmospheric scattering, Rayleigh scattering, Mie scattering, non-selective scattering -atmospheric absorption – atmospheric windows, refraction
– interaction of EMR earth‘s surface – reflection – transmission – spectral signature – reflectance characteristics of Earth‘s cover type: Vegetation, water, soil – Interaction of microwave with atmosphere and Earth‘s surface – Radar – Radar operating principle – radar equation – Side Looking Airborne Radar – Definitions: Incidence angle, look angle, depression angle, Azimuth angle – Spatial resolution in radar – Synthetic Aperture radar.

UNIT III OPTICS FOR REMOTE SENSING PH8202

Lenses, mirrors, prisms – Defects of lens – chromatic aberration – longitudinal chromatic aberration – achromatism of lenses – achromatism for two lenses in contact – separated by a distance –
spherical aberration – minimization of Spherical aberration – coma and astigmatism – Radiative Transfer Functions, Lamella Pack, Volume scattering – Principles of photography: black and white
photography – sensitivity – speed – characteristic curve – developing and printing – basic colour photography – construction of colour films – film type – types of filter – and its uses.

PH8202 UNIT IV GRAVITATION AND SATELLITES

Newton‘s law of gravitation – Gravitational field and potential – Determination of gravity, variation of acceleration due to gravity of the earth with depth and with altitude – Variation of acceleration due
to gravity and rotation of the earth – Refraction. Diffraction – Fresnel theory, Polarisation, double refraction – Escape velocity – Kepler‘s law of planetary motion – Doppler effect – Orbital Mechanics,
Concept of orbits- propulsion, aero dynamics, navigation guidance and control. Satellites – Types of satellites – Earth observation satellites, Communications satellites, Navigation satellites,
Weather satellites, Military satellites and Scientific satellites.

UNIT V ELECTRO-OPTIC NON-IMAGING AND IMAGING SENSORS PH8202

Photomultipliers, photo resistors, photodiodes, nonselective detectors – Optical receivers: PIN diode and APD – Detectors: Basic detector mechanisms, noise in detectors. Thermal and photo
emissive detectors, Photoconductive and photovoltaic detectors, performance limits, Photography: Sensitivity, time and frequency response – hybrid photo detectors – Imaging detectors – eye and
vision, photographic film, Camera tubes, solid-state arrays, video: Detector electronics, detector interfacing – CCD camera.

OUTCOMES: PH8202

Upon completion of this course,

  • The students will have knowledge on electromagnetic radiation,
  • Students will acquire knowledge on interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter and its applications in radar,
  • The students will get knowledge on geometrical optics and its applications in remote sensing,
  • Students will gain knowledge on the importance of gravitation and types of satellites for different applications, and
  • The students will understand the basics of optical devices and their applications in optolectronics.

PH8202 TEXT BOOKS:

1. Andrews, D.G. “An Introduction to Atmospheric Physics”, Cambridge University Press, 2010.
2. Manual of Remote Sensing, Published by American Society of Photogrammetry, 1988.
3. Paul Menzel, W. “Remote sensing applications with meteorological satellites”, NOAA Satellite Information Service, 2006.

REFERENCES PH8202

1. Anij Reddy, M. “Textbook of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information systems”, B S Publications, Hyderabad, 2008.
2. Graham Smith, F., King, T.A. & Wilkins, D. “Optics and Photonics: An Introduction”, John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
3. Lillesand, T.M., Kiefer, R.W & Chipman, J.W. “Remote Sensing & Image Interpretation”. Wiley India, 2007.
4. McLean, I.S. “Electronic Imaging in Astronomy: Detectors and Instrumentation”, Springer Science & Business Media, 2008.

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GE8261 ENGINEERING PRACTICES LABORATORY Regulation 2017 Anna University Semester 2

SYLLABUS OF ENGINEERING PRACTICES LABORATORY – GE8261 Regulation 2017 Anna University Semester 2

GE8261 ENGINEERING PRACTICES LABORATORY Regulation 2017 Anna University Semester 2

GE8261 OBJECTIVES:

To provide GE8261 exposure to the students with hands on experience on various basic engineering practices in Civil, Mechanical, Electrical and Electronics Engineering.

GROUP A (CIVIL & MECHANICAL) GE8261

I CIVIL ENGINEERING PRACTICE GE8261

Buildings:

(a) Study of plumbing and carpentry components of residential and industrial buildings. Safety aspects.

Plumbing Works:

(a) Study of pipeline joints, its location and functions: valves, taps, couplings, unions, reducers, elbows in household fittings.
(b) Study of pipe connections requirements for pumps and turbines.
(c) Preparation of plumbing line sketches for water supply and sewage works.
(d) Hands-on-exercise:
Basic pipe connections – Mixed pipe material connection – Pipe connections with different joining components.
(e) Demonstration of plumbing requirements of high-rise buildings.

Carpentry using Power Tools only: GE8261 

(a) Study of the joints in roofs, doors, windows and furniture.
(b) Hands-on-exercise:
Wood work, joints by sawing, planing and cutting.

II MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PRACTICE GE8261

Welding:

(a) Preparation of butt joints, lap joints and T- joints by Shielded metal arc welding.
(b) Gas welding practice

Basic Machining:
(a) Simple Turning and Taper turning
(b) Drilling Practice

Sheet Metal Work:
(a) Forming & Bending:
(b) Model making – Trays and funnels.
(c) Different type of joints.

Machine assembly practice:
(a) Study of centrifugal pump
(b) Study of air conditioner

Demonstration on:
(a) Smithy operations, upsetting, swaging, setting down and bending. Example – Exercise – Production of hexagonal headed bolt.
(b) Foundry operations like mould preparation for gear and step cone pulley.
(c) Fitting – Exercises – Preparation of square fitting and V – fitting models.

GE8261 GROUP B (ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS)
III ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING PRACTICE

1. Residential house wiring using switches, fuse, indicator, lamp and energy meter.
2. Fluorescent lamp wiring.
3. Stair case wiring
4. Measurement of electrical quantities – voltage, current, power & power factor in RLC circuit.
5. Measurement of energy using single phase energy meter.
6. Measurement of resistance to earth of an electrical equipment.

Subject name ENGINEERING PRACTICES LABORATORY
Subject Code GE8261
Semester 2
Regulation 2017 Regulation
File details Syllabus in PDF format in attached

GE8261 Syllabus Click Here to download

CE8211 Syllabus Click Here

Other links

MA8251 Engineering Mathematics 2 Syllabus and notes click here


PH8201 Physics For Civil Engineering notes click here


BE8251 Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering click here


HS8251 Syllabus Technical English Download  click here


GE8292 Engineering Mechanics Syllabus and notes click here


GE8261 Engineering Practices Laboratory syllabus click here


CE8211 Computer Aided Building Drawing syllabus click here

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CE8211 COMPUTER AIDED BUILDING DRAWING Regulation 2017 Anna University Semester 2

SYLLABUS OF COMPUTER AIDED BUILDING DRAWING – CE8211 Regulation 2017 Anna University Semester 2

CE8211 COMPUTER AIDED BUILDING DRAWING Regulation 2017 Anna University Semester 2

OBJECTIVES: CE8211

  • To introduce the students to draft the plan, elevation and sectional views of buildings in accordance with development and control rules satisfying orientation and functional requirements as per National Building Code.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS CE8211

1. Principles of planning, orientation and complete joinery details (Paneled and Glazed Doors and Windows)
2. Buildings with load bearing walls
3. Buildings with sloping roof
4. R.C.C. framed structures.
5. `Industrial buildings – North light roof structures

OUTCOMES: CE8211

The students will be able to draft the plan, elevation and sectional views of the buildings, industrial structures, and framed buildings using computer softwares.

TEXTBOOKS: CE8211 CAD

1. Sikka V.B., A Course in Civil Engineering Drawing, 4th Edition, S.K.Kataria and Sons, 2015.
2. George Omura, Mastering in Autocad 2005 and Autocad LT 2005– BPB Publications, 2008

REFERENCES: CE8211 CAD

1. Chuck Eastman, Paul Teicholz, Rafael Sacks, Kathleen Liston, BIM Handbook:A Guide to building information modeling for Owners, Managers, Designers, Engineers, and Contractors, John Wiley and Sons. Inc.,2011.
2. Marimuthu V.M., Murugesan R. and Padmini S., Civil Engineering Drawing-I, Pratheeba Publishers, 2008.
3. Shah.M.G., Kale. C.M. and Patki.S.Y., Building Drawing with an Integrated Approach to Built Environment, Tata McGraw Hill Publishers Limited, 2007.
4. Verma.B.P., Civil Engineering Drawing and House Planning, Khanna Publishers, 2010.

Subject name COMPUTER AIDED BUILDING DRAWING
Subject Code CE8211
Semester 2
Regulation 2017 Regulation
File details Syllabus in PDF format in attached

CE8211 Syllabus Click here to download

 

GE8261 Syllabus Click Here

Other links

MA8251 Engineering Mathematics 2 Syllabus and notes click here


PH8201 Physics For Civil Engineering notes click here


BE8251 Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering click here


HS8251 Syllabus Technical English Download  click here


GE8292 Engineering Mechanics Syllabus and notes click here


GE8261 Engineering Practices Laboratory syllabus click here


CE8211 Computer Aided Building Drawing syllabus click here

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BE8252 BASIC CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SYLLABUS OF BASIC CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING BCM – BE8252 Regulation 2017 Anna University Semester 2

OBJECTIVES: BE8252 bcm

  • BE8252 to impart basic knowledge on Civil and Mechanical Engineering BCM.
  • For familiarize the materials and measurements used in Civil Engineering.
  • To provide the exposure on the fundamental elements of civil engineering structures.
  • To enable the students to distinguish the components and working principle of power plant units, IC engines, and R & AC system.

A – OVER VIEW

Bcm UNIT I SCOPE OF CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING BE8252

Overview of Civil Engineering – Civil Engineering contributions to the welfare of Society – Specialized sub disciplines in Civil Engineering – Structural, Construction, Geotechnical, Environmental, Transportation and Water Resources Engineering Overview of Mechanical Engineering – Mechanical Engineering contributions to the welfare of Society –Specialized sub disciplines in Mechanical Engineering – Production, Automobile, Energy Engineering – Interdisciplinary concepts in Civil and Mechanical Engineering.

B – CIVIL ENGINEERING

Bcm UNIT II SURVEYING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS BE8252

Surveying: Objects – classification – principles – measurements of distances – angles – leveling – determination of areas– contours – examples. Civil Engineering Materials:Bricks – stones – sand – cement – concrete – steel – timber – modern materials

BE8252 UNIT III BUILDING COMPONENTS AND STRUCTURES

Foundations: Types of foundations – Bearing capacity and settlement – Requirement of good foundations. Civil Engineering Structures: Brickmasonry – stonemasonry – beams – columns – lintels – roofing – flooring – plastering – floor area, carpet area and floor space index – Types of Bridges and Dams – water supply – sources and quality of water – Rain water harvesting – introduction to
high way and rail way.

C – MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Bcm UNIT IV INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES AND POWER PLANTS

Classification of Power Plants – Internal combustion engines as automobile power plant – Working principle of Petrol and Diesel Engines – Four stroke and two stroke cycles – Comparison
of four stroke and two stroke engines – Working principle of steam, Gas, Diesel, Hydro – electric and Nuclear Power plants –- working principle of Boilers, Turbines, Reciprocating Pumps (single acting and double acting) and Centrifugal Pumps.

BE8252 UNIT V REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM Bcm

Terminology of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. Principle of vapour compression and absorption system–Layout of typical domestic refrigerator–Window and Split type room Air conditioner.

 

Subject name BASIC CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Short Name BCM
Semester 2
Subject Code BE8252
Regulation 2017 regulation

BE8252 BASIC CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Syllabus Click Here To Download

BE8252 BASIC CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Notes


BE8252 BASIC CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Question Bank


BE8252 BASIC CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Question Paper


BE8252 BASIC CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Important Questions

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PH8201 PHYSICS FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING SYLLABUS Regulation 2017 Anna University Semester 2

PH8201 SYLLABUS – PHYSICS FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING 

PH8201 SYLLABUS PHYSICS FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING Regulation 2017 Anna University Semester 2

PH8201 Syllabus OBJECTIVE:

PH8201 To introduce the principles of thermal, acoustics, optics and new materials for civil engineering applications.

PH8201 syllabus UNIT I THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF BUILDINGS

Heat transfer through fenestrations, thermal insulation and its benefits. Heat gain and heat loss estimation – factors affecting the thermal performance of buildings.

Thermal measurements, thermal comfort, indices of thermal comfort, climate and design of solar radiation, shading devices Central heating. Principles of natural ventilation – ventilation measurements, design for natural
ventilation. Window types and packaged air conditioners – chilled water plant – fan coil systems – water piping – cooling load. Air conditioning systems for different types of buildings – Protection
against fire to be caused by A.C.Systems.

PH8201 syllabus UNIT II ACOUSTICS

Classification of sound- decibel- Weber–Fechner law – Sabine’s formula- derivation using growth and decay method. Absorption Coefficient and its determination –factors affecting acoustics of buildings and their remedies. Methods of sound absorptions – absorbing materials – noise and its measurements, sound insulation and its measurements, impact of noise in multi-storeyed buildings.

PH8201 syllabus UNIT III LIGHTING DESIGNS

Radiation quantitites – spectral quantities – relationship between luminescence and radiant quantities – hemispherical reflectance and transmittance – photometry: cosines law, inverse square law. Vision – photobic, mesophic, scotopic visions. Colour – luminous efficiency function – Visual field glare, colour – day light calculations – day light design of windows, measurement of day-light and use of models and artificial skies, principles of artificial lighting, supplementary artificial lighting.

PH8201 syllabus UNIT IV NEW ENGINEERING MATERIALS

Composites – definition and classification – Fibre reinforced plastics (FRP) and fiber reinforced metals (FRM). Metallic glasses – Shape memory alloys – Ceramics – Classification – Crystalline – Non Crystalline. Bonded ceramics, Manufacturing methods – Slip casting – Isostatic pressing – Gas pressure bonding. Properties – thermal, mechanical, electrical and chemical ceramic fibres – ferroelectric and ferromagnetic ceramics – High Aluminium ceramics.

PH8201 syllabus UNIT V HAZARDS

Seismology and Seismic waves – Earth quake ground motion – Basic concepts and estimation techniques – site effects. Probabilistic and deterministic Seismic hazard analysis. Cyclone and flood hazards – Fire hazards and fire protection, fire-proofing of materials, fire safety regulations and fire fighting equipment. Prevention and safety measures.

OUTCOMES of PH8201 syllabus

Upon completion of this course,

  • To have knowledge on the thermal performance of buildings.
  • The students will acquire knowledge on the acoustic properties of buildings.
  • students will get knowledge on various lighting designs for buildings.
  • To gain knowledge on the properties and performance of engineering materials.
  • The students will understand the hazards of buildings.

TEXT BOOKS PH8201 syllabus

1. Alexander, D. “Natural disaster”, Springer (1993).
2. Budinski, K.G. & Budinski, M.K. “Engineering Materials Properties and Selection”, Prentice Hall, 2009.
3. Severns, W.H. & Fellows, J.R. “Air conditioning and refrigeration”, John Wiley and Sons, London, 1988.
4. Stevens, W.R., “Building Physics: Lighting: Seeing in the Artificial Environment, Pergaman Press, 2013.

REFERENCES PH8201 syllabus

1. Gaur R.K. and Gupta S.L., Engineering Physics. Dhanpat Rai publishers, 2012.
2. Reiter, L. “Earthquake hazard analysis – Issues and insights”, Columbia University Press, 1991.
3. Shearer, P.M. “Introduction to Seismology”, Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Subject name PHYSICS FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING
Subject Code PH8201
Semester 2
Regulation 2017
File details Syllabus in PDF format is attached

Download PH8201 syllabus PHYSICS FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING Click Here

For Ph8201 Notes Click here

PH8201 Important Question Click Here

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UG syllabus R-2017

GE8291 Environmental Science Engineering SYLLABUS Regulation 2017 Anna University Semester 2

GE8291 SYLLABUS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING – Regulation 2017 Anna University Semester 2

GE8291 Syllabus – OBJECTIVES:

  • GE8291 – is to study the nature and facts about environment.
  • For finding and implementing scientific, technological, economic and political solutions to environmental problems.
  • To study the interrelationship between living organism and environment.
  • For appreciate the importance of environment by assessing its impact on the human world; envision the surrounding environment, its functions and its value.
  • To study the dynamic processes and understand the features of the earth‟s interior andsurface.
  • To study the integrated themes and biodiversity, natural resources, pollution control andwaste management.

GE8291 Syllabus UNIT I ENVIRONMENT, ECOSYSTEMS AND BIODIVERSITY

GE8291 Definition, scope and importance of environment – need for public awareness – concept of an ecosystem – structure and function of an ecosystem – producers, consumers and decomposers – energy flow in the ecosystem – ecological succession – food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids – Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the (a) forest ecosystem (b) grassland ecosystem (c) desert ecosystem (d) aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries) – Introduction to biodiversity definition: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity – biogeographical classification of India – value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values – Biodiversity at global, national and local levels – India as a mega-diversity nation – hot-spots of biodiversity – threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts – endangered and endemic species of India – conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and ex-situ conservation of biodiversity. Field
study of common plants, insects, birds; Field study of simple ecosystems – pond, river, hill slopes, etc.

GE8291 Syllabus UNIT II ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

Definition – causes, effects and control measures of: (a) Air pollution (b) Water pollution (c) Soil pollution (d) Marine pollution (e) Noise pollution (f) Thermal pollution (g) Nuclear hazards – solid waste management: causes, effects and control measures of municipal solid wastes – role of an individual in prevention of pollution – pollution case studies – disaster management: floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides. Field study of local polluted site – Urban / Rural / Industrial / Agricultural.

GE8291 Syllabus UNIT III NATURAL RESOURCES

Forest resources: Use and over-exploitation, deforestation, case studies- timber extraction, mining, dams and their effects on forests and tribal people – Water resources: Use and over- utilization of
surface and ground water, floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams-benefits and problems – Mineral resources: Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral
resources, case studies – Food resources: World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and overgrazing, effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging, salinity,
case studies – Energy resources: Growing energy needs, renewable and non renewable energy sources, use of alternate energy sources. case studies – Land resources: Land as a resource, land
degradation, man induced landslides, soil erosion and desertification – role of an individual in conservation of natural resources – Equitable use of resources for sustainable lifestyles. Field
study of local area to document environmental assets – river / forest / grassland / hill / mountain.

GE8291 Syllabus UNIT IV SOCIAL ISSUES AND THE ENVIRONMENT

From unsustainable to sustainable development – urban problems related to energy – water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management – resettlement and rehabilitation of people; its problems and concerns, case studies – role of non-governmental
organization- environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions – climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust, case studies. – wasteland reclamation – consumerism and waste products – environment production act – Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) act – Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) act – Wildlife protection act – Forest conservation act – enforcement machinery involved in
environmental legislation- central and state pollution control boards- Public awareness.

GE8291 Syllabus UNIT V HUMAN POPULATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Population growth, variation among nations – population explosion – family welfare programme – environment and human health – human rights – value education – HIV / AIDS – women and child welfare – role of information technology in environment and human health – Case studies.

GE8291 Syllabus OUTCOMES:

  • Environmental Pollution or problems cannot be solved by mere laws. Public participation is an important aspect which serves the environmental Protection. One will obtain knowledge on the following after completing the course.
  • Public awareness of environmental is at infant stage.
  • Ignorance and incomplete knowledge has lead to misconceptions
  • Development and improvement in std. of living has lead to serious environmental disasters

GE8291 Syllabus TEXTBOOKS:

1. Benny Joseph, ‘Environmental Science and Engineering’, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 2006.
2. Gilbert M.Masters, ‘Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science’, 2nd edition,Pearson Education, 2004.

GE8291 Syllabus REFERENCES :

1. Dharmendra S. Sengar, ‘Environmental law’, Prentice hall of India Pvt Ltd, New Delhi, 2007.
2. Erach Bharucha, “Textbook of Environmental Studies”, Universities Press(I) Pvt, Ltd, Hydrabad, 2015.
3. G. Tyler Miller and Scott E. Spoolman, “Environmental Science”, Cengage Learning India PVT, LTD, Delhi, 2014.
4. Rajagopalan, R, ‘Environmental Studies-From Crisis to Cure’, Oxford University Press, 2005.

Subject name Environmental Science Engineering
Subject Code GE8291
Semester 2
Regulation 2017 Regulation
File details Syllabus in PDF format in attached

GE8291 syllabus click here to download

 

GE8291 Notes Environmental Science and Engineering


GE8291 Important questions Environmental Science and Engineering


GE8291 Question Paper Environmental Science and Engineering


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MA8251 Syllabus Engineering Mathematics 2 Click here


HS8251 Syllabus TECHNICAL ENGLISH Click here


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Search for students:

  • Environmental Science Engineering syllabus Anna University free download.
  • GE8291 anna university syllabus 2017 regulation.
  • 1st year GE8291 syllabus for 2017 regulation.
  • Anna university syllabus for Environmental Science Engineering.
  • Sem 2 GE8291 2017 regulation.
  • Environmental Science Engineering syllabus R2017.
  • Anna university GE8291 notes.
  • Notes for Environmental Science Engineering.
  • Semester two GE8291 syllabus free.
  • Environmental Science Engineering syllabus free pdf download.