Myocardial infarction

Myocardial infarction is a coronary artery disease
which involves sudden death of part of the heart muscle due to blockage in
the coronary artery. It may cause severe unremitting chest pain.

Causes of Myocardial infarction

The coronary arteries that supply the heart muscle with fresh
oxygenated blood become narrowed. This narrowing is usually due to an
accumulation of droplets of fatty substances, like cholesterol. The fibrous
cover of the fat deposit sometimes rupture, triggering the formation of a blood
clot. If this blood clot blocks the artery, blood flow to an area of the heart
muscle stops, causing myocardial infarction and leads to death of tissue.

Symptoms of Myocardial infarction

(1) Severe heavy crushing pain may spread up to the neck and
in to the arms especially the left arm. (2) Sweating (3) Shortness of breath
(4) Nausea and vomiting (5) Anxiety sometimes accompanied by fear of
dying.
About one in five people experience no chest pain in myocardial
infarction. However, there may be fainting, sweating and pale skin. This
pattern of symptom is known as “silent infarction”. This type of infarction is
common in people with diabetes mellitus or those with elevated blood
pressure.

Risk factors of Myocardial infarction

1. Habitual cigarette smokers have a substantially increased risk of dying
from myocardial infarction.
2. High blood pressure is a major risk factor and the risk increases with
higher pressure.

3. The risk of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease increases
dramatically in those who are more than 30 percent overweight.
4. A raised blood cholesterol level increases the risk. A high fat diet is also a
factor.
5. Physical inactivity is also a major factor.

Related Topics in Zoology:

Bio Zoology All Important Topics

1. Human Physiology Introduction
   

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2. Nutrition
   

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3. Carbohydrates Poly hydroxyaldehydes (or) ketones
   

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4. Proteins (Polypeptides)
   

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5. Lipids
   

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6. Vitamins – Functions Of Vitamins
   

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7. Deficiency of Vitamin
   

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8. Minerals – Water – Role of water
   

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9. Balanced diet
   

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10. Obesity
    

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11. Digestive System
    

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12. Dental Caries (Tooth decay)
    

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13. Root Canal Treatment
    

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14. Peptic ulcer
    

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15. Hernia and Types
    

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16. Appendicitis (Appendix)
    

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17. Gall Stones
    

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18. Hepatitis
    

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19. Fractures – Types of fractures
    

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20. Mechanism of fracture
    

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21. Dislocation of joints
    

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22. Arthiritis
    

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23. Rickets and Osteomalacia – Orthopedics
    

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24. Muscles
    

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25. Mechanism of muscle contraction
    

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26. Types of muscle contraction
    

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27. Myasthenia Gravis
    

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28. Respiration – Process of pulmonary respiration
    

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29. Mechanism of Breathing
    

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30. Regulation of Respiration
    

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31. Pneumonia Tuberculosis Symptoms Treatment
    

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32. Bronchitis – Acute bronchitis, Chronic Bronchitis Causes
    

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33. Circulatory System – Functioning of Human heart
    

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34. Cardiac Cycle
    

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35. Coronary blood vessel and its significance
    

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36. Myocardial infarction
    

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37. Angina pectoris
    

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38. Angiogram – Angioplasty
    

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39. Atherosclerosis
    

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40. Heart block Echo cardiography Heart Valves
    

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41. Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD), ICCU – (Intensive Coronary Care Unit)
    

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42. Blood Pressure
    

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43. Heart transplantation
    

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44. Pulse rate
    

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45. Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
    

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46. Blood – Composition of plasma – Blood cells
    

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47. Clotting of Blood or Haemostasis
    

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48. Thrombosis
    

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49. Nervous system Co-ordination systems
    

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50. The Brain – Fore Brain, Midbrain, Hindbrain
    

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51. Memory
    

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52. Sleep – Types of sleep
    

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53. Stroke – Brain haemorrhage
    

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54. Alzheimer – Meningitis (Brain fever)
    

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55. Conditioned reflex
    

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56. Electroencephalography EEG
    

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57. Right and Left brain concept
    

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58. Spinal cord functioning
    

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59. Chemical co-ordination – Functions of Endocrine glands
    

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60. Hypothalamus
    

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61. Pituitary gland – hormone
    

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62. Hormones of Neurohypophysis – vasopressin
    

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63. Thyroid gland
    

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64. Parathyroid Gland
    

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65. Pancreas
    

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66. Adrenal gland
    

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67. Gonads
    

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68. Receptor Organs – Eye
    

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69. Photochemistry of Retinal visual Pigments
    

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70. Errors of refraction
    

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71. Optometry – Retinopathy
    

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72. Cataract – Lens Replacement – Glaucoma – Nyctalopia
    

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73. Eye Infections and Eye Care
    

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74. Ear
    

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75. Mechanism of hearing
    

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76. Defects of the ear
    

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77. Hearing Aid – Noise pollution
    

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78. Skin and functions of skin
    

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79. Melanin functions
    

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80. Effects of solar radiation / UV radiation – Skin grafting
    

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81. Dermatitis
    

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82. Tongue – Mechanism of Stimulation
    

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83. Excretion Ureotelism Nephron
    

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84. Mechanism of urine formation
    

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85. Renal Failure, Dialysis, Kidney Machines
    

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86. Kidney stone – Kidney transplantation
    

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87. Diabetes mellitus
    

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88. Functioning of male reproductive system
    

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89. Functioning of female reproductive system
    

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90. Ovulation and fate of the ovum – Menstrual cycle
    

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91. Fertilization
    

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92. Birth control