Balanced diet
A balanced diet must have all food supplements in needed
proportion. It should be preferred in such a way that normal growth.
working capability, nitrogen balance and full calorie requirement can be
maintained. While planning a balanced diet, the total calorie requirement of
the individual is calculated and then the different components of the food are
selected. Normally the calorie content of the food is fixed with an
understanding that 10 -15 % of calories are to be obtained from proteins,
25 – 30% from fats and the rest from carbohydrates.
Calorie values
In nutrition and dietetics a calorie means the amount of heat required
to raise 1 Kg water by 10C. As per the Nutrition Expert Committee of ICMR
(1968) the calorie requirements are prescribed for Indian Reference Man
(IRM) and Woman (IRW). The IRM and IRW have following
characteristics.
IRM :- 25 years of age, 1.62 sq.mt of body surface, 55 kg body weight and
remains healthy.
IRW :- 25 years of age, 1.4 sq.mt of body surface, 45 kg body weight and
remains healthy.
The calorie requirement for IRM and IRW depending on their nature
of work is prescribed as follows
IRM
Daily activities Sedantary Moderate Heavy
work work work
A. Basal metabolism (BMR) 460 calories 460 calories 460 calories
(8 Hrs of Sleep)
B. Non occupational 1220 calories 1220 calories 1220 calories
activities (8 Hrs)
C. Occupational 750 calories 1100 calories 2200 calories
activities (8 Hrs)
Total 2430 calories 2780 calories 3880 calories
IRW
A. Basal metabolism 354 calories 354calories 354 calories
(8 Hrs of sleep)
B. Non occupational 826 calories 826calories 826 calories
activities (8 Hrs)
C. Occupational 610 calories 900calories 1800 calories
activities (8 Hrs)
Total 1790calories 2080calories 2980calories
While formulating and planning the diet for a person, his/her calorie
requirement is assessed. This assessment is based on the requirement of IRM
and IRW. It is adjusted according to age, weight, health and working
conditions. Final prescription of food is provided based on the calorie value
of each item of food. Due attention is given also for palatability and social
food habit. Balanced diet for Indian adult male and female doing moderate
work.
Related Topics in Zoology:
Bio Zoology All Important Topics
- Human Physiology Introduction
- Nutrition
- Carbohydrates Poly hydroxyaldehydes (or) ketones
- Proteins (Polypeptides)
- Lipids
- Vitamins – Functions Of Vitamins
- Deficiency of Vitamin
- Minerals – Water – Role of water
- Balanced diet
- Obesity
- Digestive System
- Dental Caries (Tooth decay)
- Root Canal Treatment
- Peptic ulcer
- Hernia and Types
- Appendicitis (Appendix)
- Gall Stones
- Hepatitis
- Fractures – Types of fractures
- Mechanism of fracture
- Dislocation of joints
- Arthiritis
- Rickets and Osteomalacia – Orthopedics
- Muscles
- Mechanism of muscle contraction
- Types of muscle contraction
- Myasthenia Gravis
- Respiration – Process of pulmonary respiration
- Mechanism of Breathing
- Regulation of Respiration
- Pneumonia Tuberculosis Symptoms Treatment
- Bronchitis – Acute bronchitis, Chronic Bronchitis Causes
- Circulatory System – Functioning of Human heart
- Cardiac Cycle
- Coronary blood vessel and its significance
- Myocardial infarction
- Angina pectoris
- Angiogram – Angioplasty
- Atherosclerosis
- Heart block Echo cardiography Heart Valves
- Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD), ICCU – (Intensive Coronary Care Unit)
- Blood Pressure
- Heart transplantation
- Pulse rate
- Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
- Blood – Composition of plasma – Blood cells
- Clotting of Blood or Haemostasis
- Thrombosis
- Nervous system Co-ordination systems
- The Brain – Fore Brain, Midbrain, Hindbrain
- Memory
- Sleep – Types of sleep
- Stroke – Brain haemorrhage
- Alzheimer – Meningitis (Brain fever)
- Conditioned reflex
- Electroencephalography EEG
- Right and Left brain concept
- Spinal cord functioning
- Chemical co-ordination – Functions of Endocrine glands
- Hypothalamus
- Pituitary gland – hormone
- Hormones of Neurohypophysis – vasopressin
- Thyroid gland
- Parathyroid Gland
- Pancreas
- Adrenal gland
- Gonads
- Receptor Organs – Eye
- Photochemistry of Retinal visual Pigments
- Errors of refraction
- Optometry – Retinopathy
- Cataract – Lens Replacement – Glaucoma – Nyctalopia
- Eye Infections and Eye Care
- Ear
- Mechanism of hearing
- Defects of the ear
- Hearing Aid – Noise pollution
- Skin and functions of skin
- Melanin functions
- Effects of solar radiation / UV radiation – Skin grafting
- Dermatitis
- Tongue – Mechanism of Stimulation
- Excretion Ureotelism Nephron
- Mechanism of urine formation
- Renal Failure, Dialysis, Kidney Machines
- Kidney stone – Kidney transplantation
- Diabetes mellitus
- Functioning of male reproductive system
- Functioning of female reproductive system
- Ovulation and fate of the ovum – Menstrual cycle
- Fertilization
- Birth control