Respiration
Respiration is a process by which oxygen reaches the body cells and
is utilized by them in metabolism and carbon-di-oxide formed as a waste
product gets eliminated. The real function of respiration is to provide the
energy needed by body cells. Cells obtain energy by metabolizing glucose
utilising oxygen.
Hence they require a constant supply of oxygen. In
addition, the waste products of the metabolic process, namely
carbon-di-oxide must be carried away from the cells. The transport of
oxygen and carbon-di-oxide between lungs and body cells takes place by an
efficient cardio-vascular system.
Process of pulmonary respiration
Respiration includes several processes which are listed below
(i).ventilation is the breathing in of air with more oxygen into the lungs
(inspiration). It is followed by expulsion of air with more of carbon-di-oxide
(expiration).
(ii). Diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli into the blood inside
surrounding capillaries.
(iii). Transport of oxygen by the blood to the heart through the
pulmonary vein.
(iv). Distribution of oxygen by various arteries and their
capillary network to all cells of the body. As the blood passes through tissue
capillaries, it gives up oxygen (and nutrients such as glucose) to the body,
tissues and picks up the waste products of cellular respiration (Carbon-dioxide
and water).
(v). Exchange of the oxygen and carbon-di-oxide between the blood and
body cells. With in body cells glucose and oxygen take part in a complex
series of reactions which provide energy to power the cells. During this
cellular repiration glucose is converted to carbon-di-oxide and water.
(Enzymatic oxidation).
(vi). Transporting blood with carbon-di-oxide. Carbon-di-oxide is carried
back in the blood to the heart then to the lungs where it diffuses into the
alveoli and is breathed out of the body (External respiration).
(vii) Exchanging of carbon-di-oxide with oxygen at the alveolar surface.
(viii) Expiration of air with carbon-di-oxide from the lungs.
Related Topics in Zoology:
Bio Zoology All Important Topics
- Human Physiology Introduction
- Nutrition
- Carbohydrates Poly hydroxyaldehydes (or) ketones
- Proteins (Polypeptides)
- Lipids
- Vitamins – Functions Of Vitamins
- Deficiency of Vitamin
- Minerals – Water – Role of water
- Balanced diet
- Obesity
- Digestive System
- Dental Caries (Tooth decay)
- Root Canal Treatment
- Peptic ulcer
- Hernia and Types
- Appendicitis (Appendix)
- Gall Stones
- Hepatitis
- Fractures – Types of fractures
- Mechanism of fracture
- Dislocation of joints
- Arthiritis
- Rickets and Osteomalacia – Orthopedics
- Muscles
- Mechanism of muscle contraction
- Types of muscle contraction
- Myasthenia Gravis
- Respiration – Process of pulmonary respiration
- Mechanism of Breathing
- Regulation of Respiration
- Pneumonia Tuberculosis Symptoms Treatment
- Bronchitis – Acute bronchitis, Chronic Bronchitis Causes
- Circulatory System – Functioning of Human heart
- Cardiac Cycle
- Coronary blood vessel and its significance
- Myocardial infarction
- Angina pectoris
- Angiogram – Angioplasty
- Atherosclerosis
- Heart block Echo cardiography Heart Valves
- Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD), ICCU – (Intensive Coronary Care Unit)
- Blood Pressure
- Heart transplantation
- Pulse rate
- Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
- Blood – Composition of plasma – Blood cells
- Clotting of Blood or Haemostasis
- Thrombosis
- Nervous system Co-ordination systems
- The Brain – Fore Brain, Midbrain, Hindbrain
- Memory
- Sleep – Types of sleep
- Stroke – Brain haemorrhage
- Alzheimer – Meningitis (Brain fever)
- Conditioned reflex
- Electroencephalography EEG
- Right and Left brain concept
- Spinal cord functioning
- Chemical co-ordination – Functions of Endocrine glands
- Hypothalamus
- Pituitary gland – hormone
- Hormones of Neurohypophysis – vasopressin
- Thyroid gland
- Parathyroid Gland
- Pancreas
- Adrenal gland
- Gonads
- Receptor Organs – Eye
- Photochemistry of Retinal visual Pigments
- Errors of refraction
- Optometry – Retinopathy
- Cataract – Lens Replacement – Glaucoma – Nyctalopia
- Eye Infections and Eye Care
- Ear
- Mechanism of hearing
- Defects of the ear
- Hearing Aid – Noise pollution
- Skin and functions of skin
- Melanin functions
- Effects of solar radiation / UV radiation – Skin grafting
- Dermatitis
- Tongue – Mechanism of Stimulation
- Excretion Ureotelism Nephron
- Mechanism of urine formation
- Renal Failure, Dialysis, Kidney Machines
- Kidney stone – Kidney transplantation
- Diabetes mellitus
- Functioning of male reproductive system
- Functioning of female reproductive system
- Ovulation and fate of the ovum – Menstrual cycle
- Fertilization
- Birth control