HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
Introduction to Human Physiology
Physiology is the study of functioning of organs and organ systems. All physiological activities are aimed at maintenance of homeostasis,
living and reproduction.
Homeostasis differentiates a living being from the
non-living world. It provides the uniqueness for a self- duplicating,
genomicized groups of organisms.
Homeostatic mechanisms involve stabilizing an optimum level of water, minerals and other components of the body fluids and other thermal regulations. It is achieved by several bio-physical, bio-chemical processes, hormonal secretions and related metabolic modifications. (Human Physiology)
The phenomenon of living is made possible due to several types of
evolved organs and their well co-ordinated functions. The functioning of heart
as a pumping organ being emotionally controlled is astonishing.
The oxygen association and dissociation capabilities of blood pigments, cascading effects of minimal amount of hormones at molecular limits, the process of nervous conduction, analyzing and memory maintaining capacities of the brain,
the holistic visual perception of the eye are all wonderful inventions of nature
towards a simple process of living. (Human Physiology)
The attainment of a simplified process of sexual reproduction for a
complicated, genetically oriented mechanisms for sex cells production and
procreation is stunningly marvellous.
The orientation of reproductive strategies towards social, environmental and futuristic motives is highly precise and purposeful. Thus all the functionings of a living system are highly complicated mechanisms with a simple outlook.
In the forthcoming chapter an attempt has been made to highlight defects in functioning, remedial attempts and life-style modifications. Proper treatment of such an objective will result in a voluminous work. Yet, a simple attempt has been made to provide the information. (Human Physiology)
While going through the pages of this chapter, the learners may
recollect the human anatomy learnt in the previous class. Knowledge and
remembrance of anatomy will simplify an understanding of physiological
processes.
Related Topics in Zoology:
Bio Zoology All Important Topics
- Human Physiology Introduction
- Nutrition
- Carbohydrates Poly hydroxyaldehydes (or) ketones
- Proteins (Polypeptides)
- Lipids
- Vitamins – Functions Of Vitamins
- Deficiency of Vitamin
- Minerals – Water – Role of water
- Balanced diet
- Obesity
- Digestive System
- Dental Caries (Tooth decay)
- Root Canal Treatment
- Peptic ulcer
- Hernia and Types
- Appendicitis (Appendix)
- Gall Stones
- Hepatitis
- Fractures – Types of fractures
- Mechanism of fracture
- Dislocation of joints
- Arthiritis
- Rickets and Osteomalacia – Orthopedics
- Muscles
- Mechanism of muscle contraction
- Types of muscle contraction
- Myasthenia Gravis
- Respiration – Process of pulmonary respiration
- Mechanism of Breathing
- Regulation of Respiration
- Pneumonia Tuberculosis Symptoms Treatment
- Bronchitis – Acute bronchitis, Chronic Bronchitis Causes
- Circulatory System – Functioning of Human heart
- Cardiac Cycle
- Coronary blood vessel and its significance
- Myocardial infarction
- Angina pectoris
- Angiogram – Angioplasty
- Atherosclerosis
- Heart block Echo cardiography Heart Valves
- Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD), ICCU – (Intensive Coronary Care Unit)
- Blood Pressure
- Heart transplantation
- Pulse rate
- Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
- Blood – Composition of plasma – Blood cells
- Clotting of Blood or Haemostasis
- Thrombosis
- Nervous system Co-ordination systems
- The Brain – Fore Brain, Midbrain, Hindbrain
- Memory
- Sleep – Types of sleep
- Stroke – Brain haemorrhage
- Alzheimer – Meningitis (Brain fever)
- Conditioned reflex
- Electroencephalography EEG
- Right and Left brain concept
- Spinal cord functioning
- Chemical co-ordination – Functions of Endocrine glands
- Hypothalamus
- Pituitary gland – hormone
- Hormones of Neurohypophysis – vasopressin
- Thyroid gland
- Parathyroid Gland
- Pancreas
- Adrenal gland
- Gonads
- Receptor Organs – Eye
- Photochemistry of Retinal visual Pigments
- Errors of refraction
- Optometry – Retinopathy
- Cataract – Lens Replacement – Glaucoma – Nyctalopia
- Eye Infections and Eye Care
- Ear
- Mechanism of hearing
- Defects of the ear
- Hearing Aid – Noise pollution
- Skin and functions of skin
- Melanin functions
- Effects of solar radiation / UV radiation – Skin grafting
- Dermatitis
- Tongue – Mechanism of Stimulation
- Excretion Ureotelism Nephron
- Mechanism of urine formation
- Renal Failure, Dialysis, Kidney Machines
- Kidney stone – Kidney transplantation
- Diabetes mellitus
- Functioning of male reproductive system
- Functioning of female reproductive system
- Ovulation and fate of the ovum – Menstrual cycle
- Fertilization
- Birth control