Renal Failure
The reduction in the ability of the kidneys to filter waste products
from the blood and excrete them in the urine is called as renal failure. The
regulation of the water balance, salt balance and control of blood pressure
are impaired due to kidney failure. The kidney failure also leads to uraemia
(a built up of urea and waste products) and other chemical disturbances in
the blood and tissues. This leads to various disorders and symptoms.
Kidney failure can be acute (of sudden onset) or chronic
(developing more gradually). In acute Kidney failure kidney function returns
to normal once the causes have been discovered and treated. In chronic
kidney failure the kidney function does not revive since it is caused by poor
supply (flow) of blood, major illness, heart attack or pancreatitis. This
damages the kidney tissue and its function. Heart transplantation is suggested
for chronic type of failure.
Dialysis
Dialysis involves a technique used for removing waste products from
the blood and excess fluid from the body as a treatment for kidney failure.
Why it is done?
The kidneys filter approximately 1500 liters of blood daily. From this
volume of blood, the kidney reabsorbs important elements such as sodium,
potassium, calcium, amino acids, glucose and water. In people whose
kidney have been damaged this process may fail either suddenly (in acute
kidney failure) or gradually in chronic renal failure. Waste starts to
accumulate in the blood, with harmful, sometimes even life threatening
effects. In severe cases, the function must be taken over by artificial means
of dialysis. Dialysis is called artificial kidney.
Kidney Machines
A kidney machine is a mechanical device through which a patient’s
blood passes. The blood leaves the body usually from an artery in the
forearm and return to a nearby vein. Inside the machine the blood flows
over or between membranes containing dissolved fluid (Dialysing fluid) and
salt in concentrations normally found in blood. Solid constituents in the blood in excess of normal concentrations diffuse across the membrane into the
dialyzing fluid. In this way waste like urea which accumulate in the body are
extracted. Blood cells and protein remain in the blood. The process is called
haemodialysis.
Two kinds of dialysis are performed in clinical medicine. They are
haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.
Related Topics in Zoology:
Bio Zoology All Important Topics
- Human Physiology Introduction
- Nutrition
- Carbohydrates Poly hydroxyaldehydes (or) ketones
- Proteins (Polypeptides)
- Lipids
- Vitamins – Functions Of Vitamins
- Deficiency of Vitamin
- Minerals – Water – Role of water
- Balanced diet
- Obesity
- Digestive System
- Dental Caries (Tooth decay)
- Root Canal Treatment
- Peptic ulcer
- Hernia and Types
- Appendicitis (Appendix)
- Gall Stones
- Hepatitis
- Fractures – Types of fractures
- Mechanism of fracture
- Dislocation of joints
- Arthiritis
- Rickets and Osteomalacia – Orthopedics
- Muscles
- Mechanism of muscle contraction
- Types of muscle contraction
- Myasthenia Gravis
- Respiration – Process of pulmonary respiration
- Mechanism of Breathing
- Regulation of Respiration
- Pneumonia Tuberculosis Symptoms Treatment
- Bronchitis – Acute bronchitis, Chronic Bronchitis Causes
- Circulatory System – Functioning of Human heart
- Cardiac Cycle
- Coronary blood vessel and its significance
- Myocardial infarction
- Angina pectoris
- Angiogram – Angioplasty
- Atherosclerosis
- Heart block Echo cardiography Heart Valves
- Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD), ICCU – (Intensive Coronary Care Unit)
- Blood Pressure
- Heart transplantation
- Pulse rate
- Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
- Blood – Composition of plasma – Blood cells
- Clotting of Blood or Haemostasis
- Thrombosis
- Nervous system Co-ordination systems
- The Brain – Fore Brain, Midbrain, Hindbrain
- Memory
- Sleep – Types of sleep
- Stroke – Brain haemorrhage
- Alzheimer – Meningitis (Brain fever)
- Conditioned reflex
- Electroencephalography EEG
- Right and Left brain concept
- Spinal cord functioning
- Chemical co-ordination – Functions of Endocrine glands
- Hypothalamus
- Pituitary gland – hormone
- Hormones of Neurohypophysis – vasopressin
- Thyroid gland
- Parathyroid Gland
- Pancreas
- Adrenal gland
- Gonads
- Receptor Organs – Eye
- Photochemistry of Retinal visual Pigments
- Errors of refraction
- Optometry – Retinopathy
- Cataract – Lens Replacement – Glaucoma – Nyctalopia
- Eye Infections and Eye Care
- Ear
- Mechanism of hearing
- Defects of the ear
- Hearing Aid – Noise pollution
- Skin and functions of skin
- Melanin functions
- Effects of solar radiation / UV radiation – Skin grafting
- Dermatitis
- Tongue – Mechanism of Stimulation
- Excretion Ureotelism Nephron
- Mechanism of urine formation
- Renal Failure, Dialysis, Kidney Machines
- Kidney stone – Kidney transplantation
- Diabetes mellitus
- Functioning of male reproductive system
- Functioning of female reproductive system
- Ovulation and fate of the ovum – Menstrual cycle
- Fertilization
- Birth control