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MA25C14 Discrete Mathematics [PDF]

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Post date October 29, 2026
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MA25C14 Discrete Mathematics [PDF] Notes, Important Questions, Question Bank, MCQ, Question Paper, Syllabus study materials

Text Book / Reference Books for MA25C14 Discrete Mathematics

Tremblay J.P., Manohar R., “Discrete Mathematical Structures with applications to Computer Science”, Tata McGraw-Hill, International Edition, 2017.
Kenneth H. Rosen, “Discrete Mathematics and its applications: With Combinatorics and Graph Theory (9th Edition)”, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2025.
Mott J.L, Kandel A. and Baker T.P., “Discrete Mathematics for Computer Scientists and Mathematicians”, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall India, 2015.
Liu C.L, “Elements of Discrete Mathematics”, 4th Edition, McGraw Hill, 2017.
Grimaldi, R.P. “Discrete and Combinatorial Mathematics: An Applied Introduction”, 5th Edition, Pearson Education Asia, Delhi, 2016.

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The Objectives of the course are to Introduce foundational concepts of
set theory, relations, functions, and recurrence relations relevant to modeling data and algorithmic structures and to explain principles of propositional and predicate logic, Boolean algebra, and lattice theory for reasoning and decision-making in AI systems and to present
core ideas of graph theory and its applications to analyze and optimize networks, data structures, and intelligent systems.

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MB25C09 Human Resource Management [PDF]

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Post date May 3, 2026
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MB25C09 Human Resource Management Notes, Important Questions, Question Bank, MCQ, Question Paper, Syllabus study materials

Strategic Perspectives in Human Resource Management
Evolution of human resource management – The importance of the human capital – Role of
human resource manager –Challenges for human resource managers – trends in Human resource
policies – Computer applications in human resource management – Human resource accounting
and audit – Introduction to HR analytics.

Workforce Planning and Talent Acquisition MB25C09 Human Resource Management MCQ
Importance of Human Resource Planning – Forecasting human resource requirement – matching
supply and demand – Internal and External sources – Organizational Attraction – Recruitment,
Selection, Induction and Socialization – Theories, Methods and Process – Legal and ethical issues
in hiring.

Training, Development and Knowledge Management MB25C09 Human Resource Management Notes
Types of training methods –purpose- benefits- resistance. Executive development programme –
Common practices – Benefits – Self development – Knowledge management systems and
practices.

Motivation, Compensation, and Career Engagement
Compensation plan – Reward – Motivation – Application of theories of motivation – Career
management – Mentoring – Development of mentor – Protégé relationships- Job Satisfaction,
Employee Engagement, Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Theories, Models.

Performance Management and Employee Movement MB25C09 Human Resource Management Important Questions
Method of performance evaluation – Feedback – Industry practices. Promotion – Demotion,
Transfer and Separation – Implication of job change. The control process – Importance – Methods
– Requirement of effective control systems grievances – Causes Implications – Redressal
methods.

HR Governance and Emerging Issues
HR control processes – Legal compliance in HRM – Diversity and Inclusion – Ethical HR practices
– Employee wellbeing – Future of work: AI in HRM, remote workforce management – HR metrics
and dashboards – Global HRM trends – Sustainable HRM practices.

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References:
1. Gary Dessler & Biju Varkkey, Human Resource Management, 16th Ed., Pearson Education,
2024.

2. David A. DeCenzo, Stephen P. Robbins, Susan L. Verhulst, Fundamentals of Human
Resource Management, Wiley, 13th Ed., 2024
3. Uday Kumar Haldar, Juthika Sarkar, Human Resource Management, Oxford University Press,
2nd Ed., 2023.
4. Wayne F. Cascio, Managing Human Resources: Productivity, Quality of Work Life, Profits,
McGraw Hill, 12th Ed., 2024.
5. Michael Armstrong, Armstrong’s Handbook of Strategic Human Resource Management, Kogan
Page, 8th Ed., 2023.
6. Luis R. Gomez-Mejia et al., Managing Human Resources, Pearson, 8th Ed., 2023.
7. Dipak Kumar Bhattacharyya, HR Analytics: Understanding Theories and Applications, Sage
Publications, 2nd Ed., 2022.
8. Ivancevich, Human Resource Management, McGraw Hill, 14th Ed., 2023.
9. Bernardin, Human Resource Management, Tata McGraw Hill, 11th Ed., 2022.

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MB25C08 Business Research Methods [PDF]

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Post date May 3, 2026
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MB25C08 Business Research Methods Notes, Important Questions, Question Bank, MCQ, Question Paper, Syllabus study materials

Foundations of Business Research and Scientific Inquiry
Business Research – Definition and Significance – the research process – Types of Research –
Exploratory and causal Research – Theoretical and empirical Research – Cross –Sectional and
time – series Research – Research questions / Problems – Research objectives – Research
hypotheses – characteristics – Research in an evolutionary perspective – the role of theory in
research.

Research Design and Measurement Techniques
Research design – Definition – types of research design – exploratory and causal research design
– Descriptive and experimental design – different types of experimental design – Validity of
findings – internal and external validity – Variables in Research – Measurement and scaling –
Different scales – Construction of instrument – Validity and Reliability of instrument.

Data Collection Methods and Sampling Techniques MB25C08 Business Research Methods MCQ
Types of data – Primary Vs Secondary data – Methods of primary data collection – Survey Vs
Observation – Experiments – Construction of questionnaire and instrument – Types of Validity – Sampling plan – Sample size – determinants optimal sample size – sampling techniques –
Sampling methods.

Data Preparation and Analytical Techniques
Data Preparation – editing – Coding –Data entry – Validity of data – Qualitative Vs Quantitative
data analyses – Applications of Bivariate and Multivariate statistical techniques, Factor analysis,
Discriminant analysis, Cluster analysis, Multiple regression and Correlation, Multidimensional
scaling – Conjoint Analysis – Application of statistical software for data analysis.

Report Writing and Research Communication MB25C08 Business Research Methods Important Questions
Research report –Types – Contents of report – need for executive summary – chapterization –
contents of chapter – report writing – the role of audience – readability – comprehension – tone –
final proof – report format – title of the report – ethics in research – Ethics in research –
Subjectivity and Objectivity in research.

Integrity and Trends in Business Research MB25C08 Business Research Methods Notes
Research Integrity – Emerging Trends: Digital Surveys, AI in Research, Online Panels, Real-Time
Analytics – Case Studies on Ethical Dilemmas in Research.

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References:
1. Donald R. Cooper, Pamela S. Schindler, J. K. Sharma, Business Research Methods, McGraw
Hill, 13th Ed., 2021
2. Uma Sekaran & Roger Bougie, Research Methods for Business: A Skill Building Approach,
Wiley, 7th Ed., 2020
3. William G. Zikmund et al., Business Research Methods – South Asian Perspective, Cengage,
9th Ed., 2018
4. Alan Bryman & Emma Bell, Business Research Methods, Oxford University Press, 5th Ed.,
2019
5. R. Paneerselvam, Research Methodology, PHI Learning, 2nd Ed., 2015
6. Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis, Adrian Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students,
Pearson, 8th Ed., 2022
7. Davis Bunn & Jennie Tranter, Business Research and Statistics Using Excel, Wiley, 1st Ed.,
2021

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CS25C05 Data Structures using C++ [PDF]

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Post date December 29, 2025
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CS25C05 Data Structures using C++

Anna University Syllabus, Notes, Important Questions, Question Bank, Question Paper are available in Padeepz App

Data Abstraction & Overloading: Overview of C++, Structures, Class Scope and
Accessing Class Members, Reference Variables, Initialization, Constructors,
Destructors, Member Functions and Classes, Friend Function, Dynamic Memory
Allocation, Static Class Members, Container Classes and Integrators, Proxy Classes,
Overloading: Function overloading and Operator Overloading.
Practical: CS25C05 Data Structures using C++ Notes
1. Program to Implement Constructors and Destructors.
2. Program to implement Member Functions, Classes and Friend Functions.
3. Program to Implement Dynamic Memory Allocation and Overloading.
Inheritance & Polymorphism: Base Classes and Derived Classes, Protected
Members, Casting Class pointers and Member Functions, Overriding, Public, Protected
and Private Inheritance–Constructors and Destructors in derived Classes, Implicit
Derived, Class Object to Base, Class Object Conversion, Composition Vs. Inheritance,
Virtual functions, This Pointer, Abstract Base Classes and Concrete Classes, Virtual
Destructors, Dynamic Binding.
Practical: CS25C05 Data Structures using C++ Important QUestions
1. Program to Implement various inheritances.
2. Program to Implement virtual functions and dynamic binding.
3. Implementation of method overriding and operator overloading.
Linear Data Structures: Asymptotic Notations: Big-Oh, Omega and Theta, Best, Worst
and Average case Analysis: Definition and an example, Arrays and its representations,
Stacks and Queues, Linked lists, Linked list based implementation of Stacks and
Queues, Evaluation of Expressions, Linked list based polynomial addition.
Practical:
1. Program to implement various operations on arrays and linked lists.
2. Program to implement various operations on stacks and queues using array and
linked list.
3. Program to evaluate the infix expressions by converting into prefix and postfix
expressions CS25C05 Data Structures using C++ Question Paper
Linear Data Structures: Asympto tic Notations: Big-Oh, Omega and Theta, Best, Worst
and Average case Analysis: Definition and an example – Arrays and its representations,
Stacks and Queues, linked lists, linked list based implementation of Stacks and Queues,
Evaluation of Expressions, linked list based polynomial addition.
Practical:
1. Program to Implement Various Operations on Arrays and Linked Lists.
2. Program to Implement Various Operations on Stacks and Queues using Array
and Linked List.

Non-Linear Data Structures: Trees, Binary Trees, Binary tree representation and
traversals, Threaded binary trees, Binary tree representation of trees, Application of
trees: Set representation and Union, Find operations, Graph and its representations,
Graph Traversals, Connected components. Standard template library.
Practical:
1. Program to Implement Binary Tree Traversal and Graph Traversal Algorithm.
2. Program to Implement the Single Source Shortest Path Algorithm and All Pair
Shortest Path Algorithm.
3. Program to find the Minimal Spanning Tree for a Graph.

Searching, Sorting and Complexity Analysis: Insertion sort, Merge sort, Quicksort,
Heapsort, Linear Search, Binary Search.
Practical: CS25C05 Data Structures using C++ QUestion Bank
1. Program to Implement Linear Search and Binary Search Algorithms.
2. Program to Implement Insertion Sort, Merge Sort, Quick Sort and Heap Sort
Algorithms.

References
1. Deitel, P. J., & Deitel, H. M. (2005). C++ how to program. Pearson Education.
2. Ellis Horowitz, E., Sahni, S., & Mehta, D. (2007). Fundamentals of data structures
in C++. Universities Press Pvt Ltd.
3. Weiss, M. A. (2007). Data structures and algorithm analysis in C++. AddisonWesley.
4. Trivedi, B. (2010). Programming with ANSI C++: A step-by-step approach. Oxford
University Press.
5. Goodrich, M. T., Tamassia, R., & Mount, D. (2004). Data structures and
algorithms in C++. Wiley.

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EC25C02 Circuits and Network Analysis [PDF]

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Post date December 29, 2025
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EC25C02 Circuits and Network Analysis [PDF]

Anna University Syllabus, Notes, Important Questions, Question Bank, Question Paper are available in Padeepz App

Circuit Laws and Network Theorems: Basic electrical components, voltage, current,
power, Network terminology- Node, Junction, Branch, Loop, Short and Open Circuits,
DC and AC circuits, Ohm’s Law, Kirchhoff‘s Laws, Resistors, inductors, and capacitors
in series and parallel, voltage and current division rule, Mesh and Nodal Analysis for AC
and DC circuits, Source transformation techniques, Star delta transformation EC25C02 Circuits and Network Analysis Notes
techniques, principle of linearity, Thevenin’s and Norton’s theorems, Superposition
theorem, Maximum power transfer theorem, Reciprocity theorem.
Practical:
1. Verifications of KVL & KCL.
2. Verification of Mesh and Nodal analysis of DC circuits
3. Verification of Thevenin’s and Norton’s theorems
Steady-State and Transient Analysis of Ac and DC Circuits: Components behavior
(R, L, and C) in AC and DC, Characteristics of sinusoids, Phasor relationship for R, L, EC25C02 Circuits and Network Analysis Important QUestions
and C, Phasor diagram, Natural and forced response, Steady-state and Transient
analysis of RL, RC, RLC circuits using Laplace Transform.
Practical:
1. Create a physical model of an RL, RC, or RLC circuit to observe its transient and
steady-state behaviour using LTspice (open-source)
Resonance and Coupled Circuits: Natural frequency and Damping ratio, Series EC25C02 Circuits and Network Analysis Question Paper
resonance, Parallel resonance, Quality factor (Q), Bandwidth, Selectivity, Effect of Q on
bandwidth and selectivity. Self-inductance, Mutual inductance, Dot conversion, Ideal
Transformer.
Practical:
1. Determination of Resonance Frequency of Series & Parallel RLC Circuits.
2. Transient analysis of RL and RC circuits.
Linear Two-Port Network Analysis: Introduction to two-port networks,
Characterization in terms of impedance, admittance, hybrid, and transmission
parameters, parameter conversions, Interconnection of two-port networks – Symmetry
and Reciprocity.
Practical: EC25C02 Circuits and Network Analysis Important QUestions
1. Measurement of Impedance Parameters (Z-Parameters)
2. Explore the behavior of two interconnected two-port networks and verify the
principles of symmetry and reciprocity.

1. Hayt, W. H., Kemmerly, J. E., & Durbin, S. M. (2024). Engineering circuit analysis.
McGraw Hill Education.
2. Boylestad, R. L. (2014). Introductory circuit analysis. Pearson Education India.
3. Alexander, C. K., & Sadiku, M. N. O. (2017). Fundamentals of electric circuits.
McGraw Hill Education.
4. Kuo, F. F. (2012). Network analysis and synthesis. Wiley India.

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EC25C01 Electron Devices [PDF]

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Post date December 29, 2025
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EC25C01 Electron Devices

Anna University Syllabus, Notes, Important Questions, Question Bank, Question Paper are available in Padeepz App

Semiconductor: Types, Conductivity, Electron energy levels and energy band diagram,
Carrier concentration, Mass action law, Characteristics and behavior of intrinsic
semiconductors, Variation in properties with temperature, Carrier drift and diffusion,
Current density equation, Excess carrier generation and recombination rates, Carrier life
time. Continuity equation. EC25C01 Electron Devices NOtes
Activity: Virtual demonstration of energy levels, Drift and diffusion current.
PN Junction Diodes: Energy band diagram of open-circuited PN junction, Forward and
reverse bias characteristics, Diode resistance, Transition and diffusion capacitance,
Effect of temperature on diode behavior, Applications of PN junction diodes. EC25C01 Electron Devices Important QUestions
Special Diodes: Zener diode – breakdown mechanisms and voltage regulation,
Varactor diode, Tunnel diode, Photo diode – construction, operation, and applications.
Activities: Virtual demonstration of characteristics of junction diodes, Design of a
constant voltage regulator using Zener Diode.
Bipolar Junction Transistors: Construction, working, characteristics in CB, CE, and EC25C01 Electron Devices Question Paper
CC configurations, regions of operation, current gain, input/output characteristics, Early
effect. Other Devices: Multi-emitter transistor – construction and applications.
Practical: Input and Output characteristics of Characteristics of BJT.
Field Effect Transistors: JFET – construction, working, characteristics, parameters.
MOSFET, MOS capacitor, depletion and enhancement modes, nMOS and pMOS, EC25C01 Electron Devices NOtes
threshold voltage, transfer and output characteristics. CMOS – introduction and basic
operation.
Practical: Input and Output characteristics of Characteristics of JFET, MOSFET.
Thyristors: Shockley diode, Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR), TRIAC and DIAC –
operation and applications, Thyristor protection techniques.
Unijunction Transistor (UJT): Construction, characteristics and application as
relaxation oscillator.
Optoelectronic Devices: LED, LCD, Photo transistor, Opto-coupler – principle,
characteristics and applications. Power MOSFETs: Construction, switching
characteristics and applications in power circuits.
Practical: VI characteristics of SCR, UJT.

References: EC25C01 Electron Devices Important Questions
1. Neamen, D. A. (2012). Semiconductor physics and devices. Tata McGraw-Hill.
2. Boylestad, R. L., & Nashelsky, L. (2008). Electronic devices and circuit theory.
Pearson Prentice Hall.
3. Yang, C. Y. (1978). Fundamentals of semiconductor devices. McGraw-Hill
International.
4. Salivahanan, S., Suresh Kumar, N., & Vallavaraj, A. (2008). Electronic devices and
circuits. Tata McGraw-Hill.
5. Floyd, T. L. (2018). Electronic Devices: Conventional Current Version. Pearson.

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CS25C04 Data Structures and Algorithms [PDF]

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CS25C04 Data Structures and Algorithms

Anna University Syllabus, Notes, Important Questions, Question Bank, Question Paper are available in Padeepz App

Data Types: Abstract Data Types (ADTs), ADTs and classes, introduction to OOP,
Classes in Python, Inheritance, Namespaces, Shallow and Deep Copying.
Practical: Implement simple ADTs as Python classes
Linear Structures: List ADT, array-based implementations, linked list
implementations, singly linked lists, circularly linked lists, doubly linked lists, Stack
ADT, Queue ADT, double ended queues, applications
Practical: List ADT using Python arrays, Linked list, Stack and Queue ADTs and CS25C04 Data Structures and Algorithms notes
Applications.
Tree Structures: Tree ADT, Binary Tree ADT, tree traversals, binary search trees,
AVL trees, heaps, multi-way search trees
Practical: Tree representation and traversal algorithms, Binary Search Trees, Heaps.
Graph Structures: Graph ADT, representations of graph, graph traversals, DAG,
topological ordering, greedy algorithms, dynamic programming, shortest paths,
minimum spanning trees, introduction to complexity classes and intractability CS25C04 Data Structures and Algorithms Important Questions
Practical: Graph representation and Traversal algorithms, Single source shortest
path algorithm, Minimum spanning tree algorithms.
Algorithm: Analysis of algorithms, Asymptotic notations, Divide & Conquer,
Recursion, Recursive Algorithms
Practical: Implement recursive algorithms in Python.
Sorting and Searching
Bubble sort, Selection sort, Insertion sort, Merge sort, Quick sort, Analysis of sorting CS25C04 Data Structures and Algorithms Question Paper
algorithms, Linear & Binary search, Hashing, Hash functions, Collision handling, Load
factors, Rehashing, and Efficiency
Practical: Sorting and searching algorithms, Hash tables

References: CS25C04 Data Structures and Algorithms Question Bank
1. Goodrich, M. T., Tamassia, R., & Goldwasser, M. H. (2021). Data structures &
algorithms in Python (Indian adaptation). John Wiley & Sons Inc.
2. Lee, K. D., & Hubbard, S. (2015). Data structures and algorithms with Python.
Springer.
3. Necaise, R. D. (2011). Data structures and algorithms using Python. John Wiley
& Sons.
4. Cormen, T. H., Leiserson, C. E., Rivest, R. L., & Stein, C. (2002). Introduction to
algorithms. McGraw-Hill.
5. Weiss, M. A. (2014). Data structures and algorithm analysis in C++. Pearson
Education

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PH25C04 Applied Physics 2 (EE) [PDF]

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PH25C04 Applied Physics 2 (EE)

Anna University Syllabus, Notes, Important Questions, Question Bank, Question Paper are available in Padeepz App

Semiconductor Materials: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductors, Carrier
Concentration- Fermi level, Dependence on carrier-concentration and temperature,
Carrier generation and recombination, Carrier transport: diffusion and drift, Hall PH25C04 Applied Physics 2 Notes
Effect, Applications, Metal-semiconductor junction (Ohmic and Schottky)
Activities: Determination of Hall coefficient
Dielectrics Materials: Dielectric polarization under static fields – electronic, ionic
and dipolar polarizations-internal fields in solid-Clausius-Mossotti equation, PH25C04 Applied Physics 2 Important Questions
Behavior of dielectrics in alternating fields- Application of dielectrics in transformersCapacitor materials, Ferro and piezo materials- Complex dielectric permittivitydipolar relaxation- dielectric loss, Applications.
Activities: Measurement of Dielectric Constant of different materials
Magnetic Materials: Magnetic material parameters, Ferromagnetic materials,
Ferrites – Soft and Hard magnetic materials, GMR sensors, magnetic disk memories,
Principle of magnetic recording, Materials for magnetic data storage.
Activities: Determination of Hysteresis loop for a ferromagnetic material (B-H
curve) PH25C04 Applied Physics 2 Question Paper
Advanced Materials: Thermocouple, bimetals, leads soldering and fuses Materials
– their applications
Activities: Virtual demonstration of working of various types of thermocouples.

References:
1. Kasap, S. O. (2007). Principles of electronic materials and devices. McGrawHill Education.
2. Callister, W. D., & Rethwisch, D. G. (2014). Materials science and engineering.
John Wiley & Sons.
3. Indulkar, C. S., & Thiruvengadam, S. (n.d.). An introduction to electrical
engineering materials. S. Chand.

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MA25C03 Transforms and its Applications [PDF]

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MA25C03 Transforms and its Applications

Anna University Syllabus, Notes, Important Questions, Question Bank, Question Paper are available in Padeepz App

Laplace Transforms: Existence conditions, Properties of Laplace transform, Laplace
transform of standard functions, derivatives and integrals, Unit step function and Dirac
delta function, Laplace transform of periodic functions; Inverse Laplace transform:
Partial fraction technique, Convolution theorem.
Application: Solution of second order ordinary differential equations using Laplace
transform. MA25C03 Transforms and its Applications
Activities: Compute the Laplace transform of time-domain functions, Inverse Laplace
transform, Solution of ordinary differential equations using Laplace transform.
Z-Transform: Z-transform of standard functions, properties; Inverse Z – transform: MA25C03 Transforms and its Applications Notes
Standard functions, Partial fraction technique, Convolution theorem.
Application: Solution of difference equation using Z – transform.
Activities: Compute the Z-transform of a discrete-time signal, Solution of linear
constant-coefficient difference equations using Z-transform.
Fourier Series: Dirichlet’s conditions, General Fourier series, Convergence of
Fourier series, Odd and even functions; Half range sine series, Half range cosine
series, Root mean square value, Parseval’s identity.
Application: Solution of one-dimensional wave and heat equation.
Activities: Compute Fourier coefficients, Reconstruct signal using Fourier series MA25C03 Transforms and its Applications Important Questions
(Partial sum), Plot convergence of Fourier series.
Fourier Transform: Complex Fourier transform, Properties, Relation between
Fourier and Laplace transform, Fourier sine and cosine transforms, Parseval’s
identity, Convolution theorem.
Application: Simple applications to solve partial differential equations using Fourier
transform. MA25C03 Transforms and its Applications Question Paper
Activities: Compute the Fourier and inverse Fourier transform, Parseval’s theorem
validation.

References: MA25C03 Transforms and its Applications Question Bank
1. Kreyszig, G. E. (2018). Advanced engineering mathematics. John Wiley & Sons
Ltd.
2. Grewal, B. S. (2021). Higher engineering mathematics. Khanna Publications.
3. Zill, D. G. (2022). Advanced engineering mathematics. Jones & Bartlett India Ltd.
4. Wylie, C. R., & Barrett, L. C. (2019). Advanced engineering mathematics. Tata
McGraw-Hill.
5. Duffy, D. G. (2017). Advanced engineering mathematics with MATLAB. CRC
Press.

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