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Antenna and Wave propagation Notes EC6602 Regulation 2013 Anna University

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Antenna and Wave propagation Notes

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OBJECTIVES Antenna and Wave propagation Notes:

To give insight of the radiation phenomena.

Give a thorough understanding of the radiation characteristics of different types of antennas

To create awareness about the different types of propagation of radio waves at different frequencies.

OUTCOMES Antenna and Wave propagation Notes:

Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:

Explain the various types of antennas and wave propagation.

Write about the radiation from a current element.

Analyze the antenna arrays, aperture antennas and special antennas such as frequency independent and broad band.

TEXT BOOK Antenna and Wave propagation Notes:

1. John D Kraus,” Antennas for all Applications”, 3rd Edition, Mc Graw Hill, 2005.

REFERENCES Antenna and Wave propagation Notes:

1. Edward C.Jordan and Keith G.Balmain” Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems” Prentice Hall of India, 2006

2. R.E.Collin,”Antennas and Radiowave Propagation”, Mc Graw Hill 1985.

3. Constantine.A.Balanis “Antenna Theory Analysis and Design”, Wiley Student Edition, 2006.

4. Rajeswari Chatterjee, “Antenna Theory and Practice” Revised Second Edition New Age International Publishers, 2006.

5. S. Drabowitch, “Modern Antennas” Second Edition, Springer Publications, 2007.

6. Robert S.Elliott “Antenna Theory and Design” Wiley Student Edition, 2006.

7. H.Sizun “Radio Wave Propagation for Telecommunication Applications”, First Indian Reprint, Springer Publications, 2007.

Subject Name	Antenna and Wave propagation
Subject code	EC6602
Regulation	2013

EC6602 Notes Click here to download

Antenna and Wave propagation Syllabus

EC6602 Important questions

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Antenna and Wave propagation Syllabus EC6602 Regulation 2013 Anna University

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UNIT I FUNDAMENTALS OF RADIATION Antenna and Wave propagation Syllabus

Definition of antenna parameters – Gain, Directivity, Effective aperture, Radiation Resistance, Band width, Beam width, Input Impedance. Matching – Baluns, Polarization mismatch, Antenna noise temperature, Radiation from oscillating dipole, Half wave dipole. Folded dipole, Yagi array.

UNIT II APERTURE AND SLOT ANTENNAS Antenna and Wave propagation Syllabus

Radiation from rectangular apertures, Uniform and Tapered aperture, Horn antenna , Reflector antenna , Aperture blockage , Feeding structures , Slot antennas ,Microstrip antennas – Radiation mechanism – Application ,Numerical tool for antenna analysis

UNIT III ANTENNA ARRAYS EC6602 Syllabus

N element linear array, Pattern multiplication, Broadside and End fire array – Concept of Phased arrays, Adaptive array, Basic principle of antenna Synthesis-Binomial array

UNIT IV SPECIAL ANTENNAS Antenna and Wave propagation Syllabus

Principle of frequency independent antennas –Spiral antenna, Helical antenna, Log periodic. Modern antennas- Reconfigurable antenna, Active antenna, Dielectric antennas, Electronic band gap structure and applications, Antenna Measurements-Test Ranges, Measurement of Gain, Radiation pattern, Polarization, VSWR

UNIT V PROPAGATION OF RADIO WAVES Antenna and Wave propagation Syllabus

Modes of propagation , Structure of atmosphere , Ground wave propagation , Tropospheric propagation , Duct propagation, Troposcatter propagation , Flat earth and Curved earth concept Sky wave propagation – Virtual height, critical frequency , Maximum usable frequency – Skip distance, Fading , Multi hop propagation

Subject Name	Antenna and Wave propagation
Subject code	EC6602
Regulation	2013

EC6602 Syllabus Click here to download

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question bank

VLSI Design Question Bank EC6601 Regulation 2013 Anna University

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Post date March 31, 2018
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VLSI Design Question Bank EC6601

VLSI Design Question Bank EC6601 Regulation 2013 Anna University free download. EC6601 Question Bank pdf file download VLSI Design Question Bank.

Sample VLSI Design Question Bank:

1.How path can be implemented in VLSI system?

A data path is best implemented in a bit –sliced fashion. A single layout is used respectively for every bit in the data word. This regular approach eases the design effort and results in fast and dense layouts.

2.Comment on performance of ripple carry adder.

A ripple carry adder has a performance that is linearly proportional to the number of bits. Circuit optimizations concentrate on reducing the delay of the carry path. A number of circuit topologies exist providing that careful optimization of the circuit topology and the transistor
sizes helps to reduce the capacitance on the carry bit.

3.What is the logic of adder for increasing its performance ?

Other adder structures use logic optimizations to increase the performance (carry bypass, carry select, carry lookahead). Performance increase comes at the cost area.

4.What is multiplier circuit ?

A multiplier is nothing more than a collection of cascaded adders. Critical path is far more complex and optimizations are different compared to adders.

5.Which factors dominate the performance of programmable shifter ?

The performance and the area of a programmable shifter are dominated by the wiring.

6.What is meant by data path ?

A datapath is a functional units, such as arithmetic logic units or multipliers, that perform data processing operations, registers and buses. Along with the control unit it composes the central processing unit.

Subject Name	VLSI Design
Subject code	EC6601
Regulation	2013

EC6601 question Bank click here to download

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VLSI Design Important questions

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VLSI Design Important questions EC6601 Regulation 2013 Anna University

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VLSI Design Important Questions EC6601

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Sample VLSI Design Important questions:

1.What is Moore’s law?

Moore’s law states that the number of transistor would double every 18 months.

2.What is CMOS technology?

Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS)in which both n-channel MOS and p-channel MOS are fabricated in the same IC.

3.What are the advantages of CMOS over NMOS technology ?

 In CMOS technology the aluminum gates of the transistor are replaced by poly silicon gate.
 The main advantage of CMOS over NMOS is low power consumption.
 In CMOS technology the device sizes can be easily scalable than NMOS.

4.What are the advantages of CMOS technology ?

 Low power consumption.
 High performance.
 Scalable threshold voltage.
 High noise margin.
 Low output drive current.

5.What are the disadvantages of CMOS technology ?

 Low resistance to produce deviations and temperature changes.
 Low switching speed at large values of capacitive loads.

6.What is design rule ?

Design rules are the communication link between the designer specifying requirements and the fabricator who materializes them. The design rule conform to a set of geometric constraints or rule specify the minimum allowable line widths for physical objects on-chip such as metal and poly silicon interconnects or diffusion area, minimum feature dimensions and minimum allowable separations between two layers.

Subject Name	VLSI Design
Subject code	EC6601
Regulation	2013

EC6601 Important questions click here to download

VLSI Design Syllabus

VLSI Design Notes

EC6601 Question bank

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VLSI Design Notes EC6601 Regulation 2013 Anna University

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Post date March 31, 2018
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VLSI Design Notes EC6601

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OBJECTIVES VLSI Design Notes:

In this course, the MOS circuit realization of the various building blocks that is common to any microprocessor or digital VLSI circuit is studied.

Architectural choices and performance tradeoffs involved in designing and realizing the circuits in CMOS technology are discussed.

The main focus in this course is on the transistor circuit level design and realization for digital operation and the issues involved as well as the topics covered are quite distinct from those encountered in courses on CMOS Analog IC design.

OUTCOMES VLSI Design Notes:

Upon completion of the course, students should

Explain the basic CMOS circuits and the CMOS process technology.

Discuss the techniques of chip design using programmable devices.

Model the digital system using Hardware Description Language.

TEXTBOOKS VLSI Design Notes:

1. Jan Rabaey, Anantha Chandrakasan, B.Nikolic, “Digital Integrated Circuits: A Design Perspective”, Second Edition, Prentice Hall of India, 2003.

2. M.J. Smith, “Application Specific Integrated Circuits”, Addisson Wesley, 1997

REFERENCES VLSI Design Notes:

1. N.Weste, K.Eshraghian, “Principles of CMOS VLSI Design”, Second Edition, Addision Wesley 1993

2. R.Jacob Baker, Harry W.LI., David E.Boyee, “CMOS Circuit Design, Layout and Simulation”, Prentice Hall of India 2005

3. A.Pucknell, Kamran Eshraghian, “BASIC VLSI Design”, Third Edition, Prentice Hall of India, 2007.

Subject Name	VLSI Design
Subject code	EC6601
Regulation	2013

EC6601 Notes click here to download

VLSI Design Syllabus

EC6601 Important questions

VLSI Design Question bank

UG syllabus R 2013

VLSI Design Syllabus EC6601 Regulation 2013 Anna University

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VLSI Design Syllabus EC6601

VLSI Design Syllabus EC6601 Regulation 2013 Anna University free download. EC6601 Syllabus pdf file download VLSI Design Syllabus.

UNIT I MOS TRANSISTOR PRINCIPLE VLSI Design Syllabus

NMOS and PMOS transistors, Process parameters for MOS and CMOS, Electrical properties of CMOS circuits and device modeling, Scaling principles and fundamental limits, CMOS inverter scaling, propagation delays, Stick diagram, Layout diagrams

UNIT II COMBINATIONAL LOGIC CIRCUITS EC6601 Syllabus

Examples of Combinational Logic Design, Elmore’s constant, Pass transistor Logic, Transmission gates, static and dynamic CMOS design, Power dissipation – Low power design principles

UNIT III SEQUENTIAL LOGIC CIRCUITS VLSI Design Syllabus

Static and Dynamic Latches and Registers, Timing issues, pipelines, clock strategies, Memory architecture and memory control circuits, Low power memory circuits, Synchronous and Asynchronous design

UNIT IV DESIGNING ARITHMETIC BUILDING BLOCKS EC6601 Syllabus

Data path circuits, Architectures for ripple carry adders, carry look ahead adders, High speed
adders, accumulators, Multipliers, dividers, Barrel shifters, speed and area tradeoff

UNIT V IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES VLSI Design Syllabus

Full custom and Semi custom design, Standard cell design and cell libraries, FPGA building block architectures, FPGA interconnect routing procedures.

TEXTBOOKS EC6601 Syllabus:

1. Jan Rabaey, Anantha Chandrakasan, B.Nikolic, “Digital Integrated Circuits: A Design Perspective”, Second Edition, Prentice Hall of India, 2003.

2. M.J. Smith, “Application Specific Integrated Circuits”, Addisson Wesley, 1997.

Subject Name	VLSI Design
Subject code	EC6601
Regulation	2013

EC6601 Syllabus click here to download

VLSI Design Notes

EC6601 Important questions

VLSI Design Question bank

question bank

Computer Architecture Question Bank CS6303 Regulation 2013 Anna University

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Computer Architecture Important questions Syllabus CS6303

Computer Architecture Question Bank CS6303 Regulation 2013 Anna University free download. CS6303 Question Bank pdf free download.

Sample Computer Architecture Question Bank:

UNIT III PROCESSOR AND CONTROL UNIT

PART-A Computer Architecture Question Bank
1. What is meant by data path element?
2. What is the use of PC register?
3. What is meant by register file?
4. What are the two state elements needed to store and access an instruction?
5. Draw the diagram of portion of datapath used for fetching instruction.
6. Define – Sign Extend and Vector interupts
7. What is meant by branch target address?
8. Differentiate branch taken from branch not taken.
9. What is meant by delayed branch?
10. Write the instruction format for the jump instruction.
11. What are hazards? Write its types.
12. What is meant by forwarding?
13. What is pipeline stall?
14. What is meant by branch prediction?
15. What are the 5 pipeline stages?
16. What are exceptions and interrupts?
17. What is meant by pipelining?
18. What are the five steps in MIPS instruction execution?
19. What are the three instruction classes and their instruction formats?
20. Write the formula for calculating time between instructions in a pipelined
processor.

PART B Computer Architecture Question Bank

1. Explain the basic MIPS implementation of instruction set
2. Explain the basic MIPS implementation with necessary multiplexers and control lines
3. What is control hazards ?Explain the methods for dealing with the control hazards.
4. Discuss the influence of pipelining in details.

Subject Name	Computer Architecture
Subject Code	CS6303
Regulation	2013

CS6303 Question Bank click here to download

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Computer Architecture Important Questions

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Computer Architecture Important questions CS6303 Regulation 2013 Anna University

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Computer Architecture Important questions CS6303 Regulation 2013 Anna University free download. CS6303 Important questions pdf free download.

Sample Computer Architecture Important questions:

1. What are the eight great ideas in computer architecture?

2. What are the five classic components of a computer?

3. What is the function of data path and control path?

4. What is instruction set Architecture?

5. Define application binary interface

6. Differentiate DRAM and SRAM.

7. Compare Volatile and nonvolatile memory.

8. List the advantages of Network Computer.

9. Define VLSI

10. Differentiate Throughput and Response Time

11. Write the CPU performance equation.

12. If computer A runs a program in 10 seconds, and computer B runs the same program
in 15 seconds, how much faster is A over B.

13. Write the formula for CPU execution time for a program

14. Write the formula for CPU clock cycles required for a program.

15. How will you measure the dynamic power dissipppation?

16. Define – Stored Program Concepts

17. What are the fields in an MIPS instruction?

18. List the advantages of multiprocessor over uniprocessor.

19. What are the different types ofoperands? Give examples

20. List the different addressing modes

PART-B

1. i)Discuss in detail about Eight great ideas of computer Architecture.(8)
ii) Explain in detail about Technologies for Building Processors and Memory (8)

2. Explain the various components of computer System with neat diagram (16)

3. Discuss in detail the various measures of performance of a computer(16)

4. Define Addressing mode and explain the basic addressing modes with an example foreach.

5. Explain operations and operands of computer Hardware in detail (16)

6. i)Discuss the Logical operations and control operations of computer (12)
ii)Write short notes on Power wall(6)

7. Consider three diff erent processors P1, P2, and P3 executing the same instruction set. P1 has a 3 GHz clock rate and a CPI of 1.5. P2 has a 2.5 GHz clock rate and a CPI of 1.0. P3 has a 4.0 GHz clock rate and has a CPI of 2.2.
a. Which processor has the highest performance expressed in instructions per second?
b. If the processors each execute a program in 10 seconds, find the number of cycles and the number of instructions.

Subject Name	Computer Architecture
Subject Code	CS6303
Regulation	2013

CS6303 Important questions click here to download

CS6303 Syllabus

Computer Architecture Notes

Computer Architecture Question Bank

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Computer Architecture Notes CS6303 Regulation 2013 Anna University

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Post date March 31, 2018
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Computer Architecture Notes Syllabus CS6303

Computer Architecture Notes CS6303 Regulation 2013 Anna University Notes free download. CS6303 Notes pdf free download.

OUTCOMES Computer Architecture Notes:

At the end of the course, the student should be able to:

Design arithmetic and logic unit.

Design and anlayse pipelined control units

Evaluate performance of memory systems.

Understand parallel processing architectures.

TEXT BOOK Computer Architecture Notes:

1. David A. Patterson and John L. Hennessey, “Computer Organization and Design‟, Fifth edition, Morgan Kauffman / Elsevier, 2014.

REFERENCES Computer Architecture Notes:

1. V.Carl Hamacher, Zvonko G. Varanesic and Safat G. Zaky, “Computer Organisation“, VI edition, Mc Graw-Hill Inc, 2012.

2. William Stallings “Computer Organization and Architecture”, Seventh Edition , Pearson Education, 2006.

3. Vincent P. Heuring, Harry F. Jordan, “Computer System Architecture”, Second Edition, Pearson Education, 2005.

4. Govindarajalu, “Computer Architecture and Organization, Design Principles and Applications”, first edition, Tata Mc Graw Hill, New Delhi, 2005.

5. John P. Hayes, “Computer Architecture and Organization”, Third Edition, Tata Mc Graw Hill, 1998.

6. http://nptel.ac.in/.

A transistor is simply an on/off switch controlled by electricity. Th e integrated circuit (IC) combined dozens to hundreds of transistors into a single chip.

When Gordon Moore predicted the continuous doubling of resources, he was predicting the growth rate of the number of transistors per chip.

To describe the tremendous increase in the number of transistors from hundreds to millions, the adjective very large scale is added to the term, creating the abbreviation VLSI, for very large-scale integrated circuit.

Subject Name	Computer Architecture
Subject Code	CS6303
Regulation	2013

CS6303 Notes click here to download

Computer Architecture Syllabus

Computer Architecture Important Questions

CS6303 Question Bank

UG syllabus R 2013

Computer Architecture Syllabus CS6303 Regulation 2013 Anna University

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Post date March 31, 2018
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Computer Architecture Syllabus Syllabus CS6303

Computer Architecture Syllabus CS6303 Regulation 2013 Anna University syllabus free download. CS6303 Syllabus pdf free download.

OBJECTIVES Computer Architecture Syllabus:

To make students understand the basic structure and operation of digital computer.

Understand the hardware-software interface.

Familiarize the students with arithmetic and logic unit and implementation of fixed point and floating-point arithmetic operations.

To expose the students to the concept of pipelining.

Familiarize the students with hierarchical memory system including cache memories and virtual memory.

To expose the students with different ways of communicating with I/O devices and standard I/O interfaces.

UNIT I OVERVIEW & INSTRUCTIONS Computer Architecture Syllabus

Eight ideas – Components of a computer system – Technology – Performance – Power wall – Uniprocessors to multiprocessors; Instructions – operations and operands – representing instructions – Logical operations – control operations – Addressing and addressing modes.

UNIT II ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS Computer Architecture Syllabus

ALU – Addition and subtraction – Multiplication – Division – Floating Point operations – Subword parallelism.

UNIT III PROCESSOR AND CONTROL UNIT CS6303 Syllabus

Basic MIPS implementation – Building datapath – Control Implementation scheme – Pipelining – Pipelined datapath and control – Handling Data hazards & Control hazards – Exceptions.

UNIT IV PARALLELISM Computer Architecture Syllabus

Instruction-level-parallelism – Parallel processing challenges – Flynn’s classification – Hardware multithreading – Multicore processors

UNIT V MEMORY AND I/O SYSTEMS CS6303 Syllabus

Memory hierarchy – Memory technologies – Cache basics – Measuring and improving cache performance – Virtual memory, TLBs – Input/output system, programmed I/O, DMA and interrupts, I/O processors.

Subject Name	Computer Architecture
Subject Code	CS6303
Regulation	2013

CS6303 Syllabus click here to download

Computer Architecture Notes

CS6303 Important Questions

Computer Architecture Question Bank