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EC3461 Communication Systems Laboratory

EC3461 Communication Systems Laboratory Study Materials

Anna University – EC3461 Communication Systems Laboratory Regulation 2021 Syllabus , Notes Lab Manual , Viva Important Questions, Question Paper with Answers Previous Year Question Paper.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS EC3461 Communication Systems Laboratory Lab Manual
1. AM- Modulator and Demodulator
2. FM – Modulator and Demodulator
3. Pre-Emphasis and De-Emphasis.
4. Signal sampling and TDM.
5. Pulse Code Modulation and Demodulation.
6. Pulse Amplitude Modulation and Demodulation.
7. Pulse Position Modulation and Demodulation and Pulse Width Modulation and Demodulation.
8. Digital Modulation – ASK, PSK, FSK.
9. Delta Modulation and Demodulation.
10. Simulation of ASK, FSK, and BPSK Generation and Detection Schemes.
11. Simulation of DPSK, QPSK and QAM Generation and Detection Schemes.
12. Simulation of Linear Block and Cyclic Error Control coding Schemes.

COURSE OUTCOMES : EC3461 Communication Systems Laboratory
At the end of the laboratory course, the student will be able to understand the:
1. Design AM, FM & Digital Modulators for specific applications.
2. Compute the sampling frequency for digital modulation.
3. Simulate & validate the various functional modules of Communication system.
4. Demonstrate their knowledge in base band signaling schemes through
implementation of digital modulation schemes.
5. Apply various channel coding schemes & demonstrate their capabilities towards the
improvement of the noise performance of Communication system.

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COURSE OBJECTIVES : EC3461 Communication Systems Laboratory Lab Manual
● To study the AM & FM Modulation and Demodulation.
● To learn and realize the effects of sampling and TDM.
● To understand the PCM & Digital Modulation.
● To Simulate Digital Modulation Schemes.
● To Implement Equalization Algorithms and Error Control Coding Schemes.

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EC3491 Communication Systems

EC3491 Communication Systems Study Materials

Anna University – EC3491 Communication Systems Regulation 2021 Syllabus , Notes , Important Questions, Question Paper with Answers Previous Year Question Paper.

UNIT I AMPLITUDE MODULATION EC3491 Communication Systems Syllabus

Review of signals and systems, Time and Frequency domain representation of signals, Principles of
Amplitude Modulation Systems- DSB, SSB and VSB modulations. Angle Modulation, Representation
of FM and PM signals, Spectral characteristics of angle modulated signals. SSB Generation – Filter
and Phase Shift Methods, VSB Generation – Filter Method, Hilbert Transform, Pre-envelope &
complex envelope AM techniques, Superheterodyne Receiver.

UNIT II RANDOM PROCESS & SAMPLING EC3491 Communication Systems Notes

Review of probability and random process. Gaussian and white noise characteristics, Noise in
amplitude modulation systems, Noise in Frequency modulation systems. Pre-emphasis and Deemphasis, Threshold effect in angle modulation.
Low pass sampling – Aliasing- Signal Reconstruction-Quantization – Uniform & non-uniform
quantization – quantization noise – Nyquist criterion- Logarithmic Companding –PAM, PPM, PWM,
PCM – TDM, FDM

UNIT III DIGITAL TECHNIQUES EC3491 Communication Systems Important Questions

Pulse modulation Differential pulse code modulation. Delta modulation, Noise considerations in
PCM,, Digital Multiplexers, Channel coding theorem – Linear Block codes – Hamming codes – Cyclic
codes – Convolutional codes – Viterbi Decoder

UNIT IV DIGITAL MODULATION SCHEME EC3491 Communication Systems Question Bank

Geometric Representation of signals – Generation, detection, IQ representation, PSD & BER of
Coherent BPSK, BFSK, & QPSK – QAM – Carrier Synchronization – Structure of Non-coherent
Receivers Synchronization and Carrier Recovery for Digital modulation, Spectrum Analysis –
Occupied bandwidth – Adjacent channel power, EVM, Principle of DPSK

UNIT V DEMODULATION TECHNIQUES EC3491 Communication Systems Question Paper

Elements of Detection Theory, Optimum detection of signals in noise, Coherent communication with
waveforms- Probability of Error evaluations. Baseband Pulse Transmission- Inter symbol
Interference, Optimum demodulation of digital signals over band-limited channels.

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TEXTBOOKS : EC3491 Communication Systems Notes

1. Simon Haykins,” Communication Systems”, Wiley, 5th Edition, 2009.(Unit I – V)
2. B.P.Lathi, “Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems”, 4th Edition, Oxford
University Press, 2011.

REFERENCES : EC3491 Communication Systems Important Questions

1. Wayner Tomasi, Electronic Communication System, 5th Edition, Pearson Education,2008.
2. D.Roody, J.Coolen, Electronic Communications, 4th edition PHI 2006
3. A.Papoulis, “Probability, Random variables and Stochastic Processes”, McGraw Hill, 3rd
edition, 1991.
4. B.Sklar, “Digital Communications Fundamentals and Applications”, 2nd Edition Pearson
Education 2007
5. H P Hsu, Schaum Outline Series – “Analog and Digital Communications” TMH 2006
6. Couch.L., “Modern Communication Systems”, Pearson, 2001

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EC3492 Digital Signal Processing

EC3492 Digital Signal Processing Study Materials

Anna University – EC3492 Digital Signal Processing Regulation 2021 Syllabus , Notes , Important Questions, Question Paper with Answers Previous Year Question Paper.

UNIT I DISCRETE FOURIER TRANSFORM EC3492 Digital Signal Processing Syllabus

Sampling Theorem, concept of frequency in discrete-time signals, summary of analysis & synthesis
equations for FT & DTFT, frequency domain sampling, Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) – deriving
DFT from DTFT, properties of DFT – periodicity, symmetry, circular convolution. Linear filtering using
DFT. Filtering long data sequences – overlap save and overlap add method. Fast computation of
DFT – Radix-2 Decimation-in-time (DIT) Fast Fourier transform (FFT), Decimation-in-frequency (DIF)
Fast Fourier transform (FFT). Linear filtering using FFT.

UNIT II INFINITE IMPULSE RESPONSE FILTERS EC3492 Digital Signal Processing Notes

Characteristics of practical frequency selective filters. characteristics of commonly used analog filters
– Butterworth filters, Chebyshev filters. Design of IIR filters from analog filters (LPF, HPF, BPF, BRF)
– Approximation of derivatives, Impulse invariance method, Bilinear transformation. Frequency
transformation in the analog domain. Structure of IIR filter – direct form I, direct form II, Cascade,
parallel realizations.

UNIT III FINITE IMPULSE RESPONSE FILTERS EC3492 Digital Signal Processing Important Questions

Design of FIR filters – symmetric and Anti-symmetric FIR filters – design of linear phase FIR filters
using Fourier series method – FIR filter design using windows (Rectangular, Hamming and Hanning
window), Frequency sampling method. FIR filter structures – linear phase structure, direct form
realizations

UNIT IV FINITE WORD LENGTH EFFECTS EC3492 Digital Signal Processing Question Bank

Fixed point and floating point number representation – ADC – quantization – truncation and rounding
– quantization noise – input / output quantization – coefficient quantization error – product quantization
error – overflow error – limit cycle oscillations due to product quantization and summation – scaling to
prevent overflow.

UNIT V DSP APPLICATIONS EC3492 Digital Signal Processing Question Paper

Multirate signal processing: Decimation, Interpolation, Sampling rate conversion by a rational factor
– Adaptive Filters: Introduction, Applications of adaptive filtering to equalization-DSP ArchitectureFixed and Floating point architecture principles

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TEXT BOOKS: EC3492 Digital Signal Processing Notes

1. 1.John G. Proakis and Dimitris G.Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing – Principles,
Algorithms and Applications, Fourth Edition, Pearson Education / Prentice Hall, 2007.
2. 2.A. V. Oppenheim, R.W. Schafer and J.R. Buck, ―Discrete-Time Signal Processing‖, 8th
Indian Reprint, Pearson, 2004.

REFERENCES EC3492 Digital Signal Processing Important Questions

1. Emmanuel C. Ifeachor& Barrie. W. Jervis, “Digital Signal Processing”, Second Edition,
Pearson Education / Prentice Hall, 2002.

2. 2.Sanjit K. Mitra, “Digital Signal Processing – A Computer Based Approach”, Tata Mc Graw
Hill, 2007.
3. 3.Andreas Antoniou, “Digital Signal Processing”, Tata Mc Graw Hill, 2006.

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EC3451 Linear Integrated Circuits

EC3451 Linear Integrated Circuits Study Materials

Anna University – EC3451 Linear Integrated Circuits Regulation 2021 Syllabus , Notes , Important Questions, Question Paper with Answers Previous Year Question Paper.

UNIT I BASICS OF OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS EC3451 Linear Integrated Circuits Syllabus

Current mirror and current sources, Current sources as active loads, Voltage sources, Voltage
References, BJT Differential amplifier with active loads, Basic information about op-amps – Ideal
Operational Amplifier – General operational amplifier stages -and internal circuit diagrams of IC
741, DC and AC performance characteristics, slew rate, Open and closed loop configurations –
MOSFET Operational Amplifiers – LF155 and TL082.

UNIT II APPLICATIONS OF OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS EC3451 Linear Integrated Circuits Notes

Sign Changer, Scale Changer, Phase Shift Circuits, Voltage Follower, V-to-I and I-to-V converters,
adder, subtractor, Instrumentation amplifier, Integrator, Differentiator, Logarithmic amplifier,
Antilogarithmic amplifier, Comparators, Schmitt trigger, Precision rectifier, peak detector, clipper
and clamper, Low-pass, high-pass and band-pass Butterworth filters.

UNIT III ANALOG MULTIPLIER AND PLL EC3451 Linear Integrated Circuits Important Questions

Analog Multiplier using Emitter Coupled Transistor Pair – Gilbert Multiplier cell – Variable
transconductance technique, analog multiplier ICs and their applications, Operation of the basic
PLL, Closed loop analysis, Voltage controlled oscillator, Monolithic PLL IC 565, application of PLL
for AM detection, FM detection, FSK modulation and demodulation and Frequency synthesizing
and clock synchronization

UNIT IV ANALOG TO DIGITAL AND DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTERS EC3451 Linear Integrated Circuits Question Bank

Analog and Digital Data Conversions, D/A converter – specifications – weighted resistor type, R-2R
Ladder type, Voltage Mode and Current-Mode R – 2R Ladder types – switches for D/A converters,
high speed sample-and-hold circuits, A/D Converters – specifications – Flash type – Successive
Approximation type – Single Slope type – Dual Slope type – A/D Converter using Voltage-to-Time
Conversion – Over-sampling A/D Converters, Sigma – Delta converters.

UNIT V WAVEFORM GENERATORS AND SPECIAL FUNCTION ICS EC3451 Linear Integrated Circuits Question Paper

Sine-wave generators, Multivibrators and Triangular wave generator, Saw-tooth wave generator,
ICL8038 function generator, Timer IC 555, IC Voltage regulators – Three terminal fixed and
adjustable voltage regulators – IC 723 general purpose regulator – Monolithic switching regulator,
Low Drop – Out(LDO) Regulators – Switched capacitor filter IC MF10, Frequency to Voltage and
Voltage to Frequency converters, Audio Power amplifier, Video Amplifier, Isolation Amplifier, Optocouplers and fibre optic IC

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TEXT BOOK EC3451 Linear Integrated Circuits Notes

1. 1.D.Roy Choudhry, Shail Jain, “Linear Integrated Circuits”, New Age International Pvt. Ltd.,
2018, Fifth Edition. (Unit I – V)
2. 2.Sergio Franco, “Design with Operational Amplifiers and Analog Integrated Circuits”, 4th
Edition, Tata Mc Graw-Hill, 2016 (Unit I – V)

REFERENCES EC3451 Linear Integrated Circuits Important Questions

1. Ramakant A. Gayakwad, “OP-AMP and Linear ICs”, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall / Pearson
Education, 2015
2. Robert F.Coughlin, Frederick F.Driscoll, “Operational Amplifiers and Linear Integrated
Circuits”, Sixth Edition, PHI, 2001.
3. S.Salivahanan & V.S. Kanchana Bhaskaran, “Linear Integrated Circuits”, TMH,2nd
Edition, 4th Reprint, 2016.

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EC3401 Networks and Security

EC3401 Networks and Security Study Materials

Anna University – EC3401 Networks and Security Regulation 2021 Syllabus , Notes , Important Questions, Question Paper with Answers Previous Year Question Paper.

UNIT I NETWORK MODELS AND DATALINK LAYER EC3401 Networks and Security Syllabus

Overview of Networks and its Attributes – Network Models – OSI, TCP/IP, Addressing – Introduction
to Datalink Layer – Error Detection and Correction – Ethernet(802.3)- Wireless LAN – IEEE 802.11,
Bluetooth – Flow and Error Control Protocols – HDLC – PPP.

UNIT II NETWORK LAYER PROTOCOLS EC3401 Networks and Security Notes

Network Layer – IPv4 Addressing – Network Layer Protocols(IP,ICMP and Mobile IP) Unicast and
Multicast Routing – Intradomain and Interdomain Routing Protocols – IPv6 Addresses – IPv6 –
Datagram Format – Transition from IPv4 to IPv6.

UNIT III TRANSPORT AND APPLICATION LAYERS EC3401 Networks and Security Important Questions

Transport Layer Protocols – UDP and TCP Connection and State Transition Diagram – Congestion
Control and Avoidance(DEC bit, RED)- QoS – Application Layer Paradigms – Client – Server
Programming – Domain Name System – World Wide Web, HTTP, Electronic Mail.

UNIT IV NETWORK SECURITY EC3401 Networks and Security Question Bank

OSI Security Architecture – Attacks – Security Services and Mechanisms – Encryption –Advanced
Encryption Standard – Public Key Cryptosystems – RSA Algorithm – Hash Functions – Secure Hash
Algorithm – Digital Signature Algorithm.

UNIT V HARDWARE SECURITY EC3401 Networks and Security Question Paper

Introduction to hardware security, Hardware Trojans, Side – Channel Attacks – Physical Attacks
and Countermeasures – Design for Security. Introduction to Blockchain Technology.

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TEXTBOOKS EC3401 Networks and Security Notes

1. Behrouz.A.Forouzan, Data Communication and Networking, Fifth Edition, TMH, 2017.(Unit
– I,II,III)
2. William Stallings, Cryptography and Network Security, Seventh Edition, Pearson Education,
2017(Unit- IV)
3. Bhunia Swarup, Hardware Security –A Hands On Approach,Morgan Kaufmann, First edition,
2018.(Unit – V).

REFERENCES EC3401 Networks and Security Important Questions

1. James.F.Kurose and Keith.W.Ross, Computer Networking – A Top – Down Approach, Sixth
Edition, Pearson, 2017.
2. Doughlas .E.Comer, Computer Networks and Internets with Internet Applications, Fourth
Edition, Pearson Education, 2008.

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EC3452 Electromagnetic Fields

EC3452 Electromagnetic Fields Study Materials

Anna University – EC3452 Electromagnetic Fields Regulation 2021 Syllabus , Notes , Important Questions, Question Paper with Answers Previous Year Question Paper.

UNIT I INTRODUCTION EC3452 Electromagnetic Fields Syllabus

Electromagnetic model, Units and constants, Review of vector algebra, Rectangular, cylindrical and
spherical coordinate systems, Line, surface and volume integrals, Gradient of a scalar field,
Divergence of a vector field, Divergence theorem, Curl of a vector field, Stoke’s theorem, Null
identities, Helmholtz’s theorem, Verify theorems for different path, surface and volume.

UNIT II ELECTROSTATICS EC3452 Electromagnetic Fields Notes

Electric field, Coulomb’s law, Gauss’s law and applications, Electric potential, Conductors in static
electric field, Dielectrics in static electric field, Electric flux density and dielectric constant, Boundary
conditions, Electrostatics boundary value problems, Capacitance, Parallel, cylindrical and spherical
capacitors, Electrostatic energy, Poisson’s and Laplace’s equations, Uniqueness of electrostatic
solutions, Current density and Ohm’s law, Electromotive force and Kirchhoff’s voltage law, Equation
of continuity and Kirchhoff’s current law

UNIT III MAGNETOSTATICS EC3452 Electromagnetic Fields Important Questions

Lorentz force equation, Ampere’s law, Vector magnetic potential, Biot-Savart law and applications,
Magnetic field intensity and idea of relative permeability, Calculation of magnetic field intensity for
various current distributions Magnetic circuits, Behaviour of magnetic materials, Boundary
conditions, Inductance and inductors, Magnetic energy, Magnetic forces and torques

UNIT IV TIME-VARYING FIELDS AND MAXWELL’s EQUATIONS EC3452 Electromagnetic Fields Question Bank

Faraday’s law, Displacement current and Maxwell-Ampere law, Maxwell’s equations, Potential
functions, Electromagnetic boundary conditions, Wave equations and solutions, Time-harmonic
fields, Observing the Phenomenon of wave propagation with the aid of Maxwell’s equations

UNIT V PLANE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES EC3452 Electromagnetic Fields Question Paper

Plane waves in lossless media, Plane waves in lossy media (low-loss dielectrics and good
conductors), Group velocity, Electromagnetic power flow and Poynting vector, Normal incidence
at a plane conducting boundary, Normal incidence at a plane dielectric boundary

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TEXT BOOKS EC3452 Electromagnetic Fields Notes

1. D.K. Cheng, Field and wave electromagnetics, 2nd ed., Pearson (India), 2002
2. M.N.O.Sadiku and S.V. Kulkarni, Principles of electromagnetics, 6th ed., Oxford(Asian
Edition), 2015

REFERENCES EC3452 Electromagnetic Fields Important Questions

1. Edward C. Jordan & Keith G. Balmain,Electromagnetic waves and Radiating Systems,
Second Edition, Prentice-Hall Electrical Engineering Series, 2012.
2. W.H. Hayt and J.A. Buck, Engineering electromagnetics, 7th ed., McGraw-Hill (India), 2006
3. B.M. Notaros, Electromagnetics, Pearson: New Jersey, 2011

 

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EE3413 Microprocessor and Microcontroller Laboratory

EE3413 Microprocessor and Microcontroller Laboratory Study Materials

Anna University – EE3413 Microprocessor and Microcontroller Laboratory Regulation 2021 Syllabus , Notes Lab Manual , Viva Important Questions, Question Paper with Answers Previous Year Question Paper.

PROGRAMMING EXERCISES / EXPERIMENTS WITH µP8085: EE3413 Microprocessor and Microcontroller Laboratory Lab Manual , Viva 

1. Simple arithmetic operations: Multi precision addition / subtraction /multiplication /
division.
2. Programming with control instructions: Increment / Decrement, Ascending / Descending
order, Maximum / Minimum of numbers, Rotate instructions, Hex / ASCII / BCD code
conversions.
3. Interface Experiments: A/D Interfacing. D/A Interfacing. Traffic light controller
4. Stepper motor controller interface.
5. Displaying a moving/ rolling message in the student trainer kit’s output device.

PROGRAMMING EXERCISES / EXPERIMENTS WITH µC8051: EE3413 Microprocessor and Microcontroller Laboratory Lab Manual , Viva 

6. Simple arithmetic operations with 8051: Multi precision addition / subtraction /
multiplication/ division.
7. Programming with control instructions: Increment / Decrement, Ascending / Descending.
order, Maximum / Minimum of numbers, Rotate instructions, Hex / ASCII / BCD code
conversions.
8. Interface Experiments: A/D Interfacing. D/A Interfacing. Traffic light controller
9. Stepper motor controller interface.
10. Displaying a moving/ rolling message in the student trainer kit’s output device.
11. Programming PIC architecture with software tools.

COURSE OBJECTIVES: EE3413 Microprocessor and Microcontroller Laboratory Lab Manual , Viva 

• To perform simple arithmetic operations using assembly language program and study the
addressing modes & instruction set of 8085 & 8051
• To develop skills in simple program writing in assembly languages
• To write an assembly language program to convert Analog input to Digital output and Digital
input to Analog output.
• To perform interfacing experiments with µP8085
• To perform interfacing experiments with µC8051.

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COURSE OUTCOMES: EE3413 Microprocessor and Microcontroller Laboratory
After studying the above subject, students should have the:
CO1: Ability to write assembly language program for microprocessor.
CO2: Ability to write assembly language program for microcontroller
CO3: Ability to design and implement interfacing of peripheral with microprocessor and
microcontroller
CO4: Ability to analyze, comprehend, design and simulate microprocessor based systems
used for control and monitoring..
CO5: Ability to analyze, comprehend, design and simulate microcontroller based systems used
for control and monitoring.

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EE3412 Linear and Digital Circuits Laboratory

EE3412 Linear and Digital Circuits Laboratory Study Materials

Anna University – EE3412 Linear and Digital Circuits Laboratory Regulation 2021 Syllabus , Notes Lab Manual, Viva Important Questions, Question Paper with Answers Previous Year Question Paper.

COURSE OBJECTIVES: EE3412 Linear and Digital Circuits Laboratory Lab Manual

 To learn design, testing and characterizing of circuit behavior with combinational logic gate ICs.
 To learn design, testing and characterizing of circuit behavior with register/ counter and
sequential logic ICs.
 To learn design, testing and characterizing of circuit behavior with OPAMP ICs.
 To learn design, testing and characterizing of circuit behavior with analog Ics like 555 timer
VCO and regulators.
 To learn design, testing and characterizing of circuit behavior with digital Ics like decoders,
multiplexers.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS EE3412 Linear and Digital Circuits Laboratory Viva Questions

1. Implementation of Boolean Functions, Adder and Subtractor circuits.
2. Code converters: Excess-3 to BCD and Binary to Gray code converter and vice-versa.
3. Parity generator and parity checking.
4. Encoders and Decoders.
5. Counters: Design and implementation of 3-bit modulo counters as synchronous and
Asynchronous types using FF IC’s and specific counter IC.
6. Shift Registers: Design and implementation of 4-bit shift registers in SISO, SIPO, PISO,
PIPO modes using suitability IC’s.
7. Study of multiplexer and de multiplexer
8. Timer IC application: Study of NE/SE 555 timer in Astability, Monostability operation.
9. Application of Op-Amp: inverting and non-inverting amplifier, Adder, comparator, Integrator and
Differentiator.
10. Voltage to frequency characteristics of NE/ SE 566 IC.
11. Variability Voltage Regulator using IC LM317

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EE3411 Electrical Machines Laboratory 2

EE3411 Electrical Machines Laboratory 2 Study Materials

Anna University – EE3411 Electrical Machines Laboratory 2 Regulation 2021 Syllabus , Notes , Lab Manual, Viva Important Questions, Question Paper with Answers Previous Year Question Paper.

COURSE OBJECTIVES: EE3411 Electrical Machines Laboratory 2 Viva Questions
 To expose the students to the operation of synchronous machines and induction
motors and give them experimental skill.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS EE3411 Electrical Machines Laboratory 2 Lab Manual
1. Regulation of three phase alternator by EMF and MMF methods.
2. Regulation of three phase alternator by ZPF and ASA methods.
3. Regulation of three phase salient pole alternator by slip test.
4. Measurements of negative sequence and zero sequence impedance of alternators.
5. V and Inverted V curves of Three Phase Synchronous Motor.
6. Load test on three-phase induction motor.
7. No load and blocked rotor tests on three-phase induction motor (Determination of equivalent
circuit parameters).
8. Separation of No-load losses of three-phase induction motor.
9. Load test on single-phase induction motor.
10. No load and blocked rotor test on single-phase induction motor.
11. Study of Induction Motor Starters

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COURSE OUTCOMES: EE3411 Electrical Machines Laboratory 2 Lab manual

At the end of the course, the student should have the:
CO1: Ability to understand and analyze EMF and MMF methods
CO2: Ability to analyze the characteristics of V and Inverted V curves
CO3: Acquire hands on experience of conducting various tests on alternators and obtaining
their performance indices using standard analytical as well as graphical methods. to
understand the importance of Synchronous machines
CO4: Acquire hands on experience of conducting various tests on alternators and obtaining
their performance indices using standard analytical as well as graphical methods. to
understand the importance of single and three phase Induction motors
CO5: Ability to acquire knowledge on separation of losses

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EE3405 Electrical Machines 2

EE3405 Electrical Machines 2 Study Materials

Anna University – EE3405 Electrical Machines 2 Regulation 2021 Syllabus , Notes , Important Questions, Question Paper with Answers Previous Year Question Paper.

UNIT I SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR EE3405 Electrical Machines 2 Syllabus

Constructional details – Types of rotors –winding factors- EMF equation – Synchronous reactance –
Armature reaction – Phasor diagrams of non-salient pole synchronous generator connected to infinite
bus–Synchronizing and parallel operation – Synchronizing torque -Change of excitation and
mechanical input- Voltage regulation – EMF, MMF, ZPF and A.S.A method – steady state powerangle characteristics– Two reaction theory –slip test -short circuit transients – Capability Curves.

UNIT II SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR EE3405 Electrical Machines 2 Notes

Principle of operation – Torque equation – Operation on infinite bus bars – V and Inverted V curves –
Power input and power developed equations – Starting methods – Current loci for constant power
input, constant excitation and constant power Developed-Hunting – natural frequency of oscillations –
damper windings- synchronous condenser.

UNIT III THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR 9 EE3405 Electrical Machines 2 Important Questions

Constructional details – Types of rotors –- Principle of operation – Slip –cogging and crawlingEquivalent circuit – Torque-Slip characteristics – Condition for maximum torque – Losses and
efficiency – Load test – No load and blocked rotor tests – Circle diagram – Separation of losses –
Double cage induction motors –Induction generators – Synchronous induction motor.

UNIT IV STARTING AND SPEED CONTROL OF THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR 9 EE3405 Electrical Machines 2 Question Bank

Need for starting – Types of starters – DOL, Rotor resistance, Autotransformer and Star delta starters
– Speed control – Voltage control, Frequency control and pole changing – Cascaded Connection-V/f
control – Slip power recovery Scheme-Braking of three phase induction motor: Plugging, dynamic
braking and regenerative braking.

UNIT V SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS AND SPECIAL MACHINES EE3405 Electrical Machines 2 Question Paper

Constructional details of single phase induction motor – Double field revolving theory and operation –
Equivalent circuit – No load and blocked rotor test – Performance analysis – Starting methods of
single-phase induction motors – Capacitor-start capacitor run Induction motor- Shaded pole induction
motor – Linear induction motor – Repulsion motor – Hysteresis motor – AC series motor- Servo motorsStepper motors – introduction to magnetic levitation systems.

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TEXT BOOKS: EE3405 Electrical Machines 2 Notes

1. A.E. Fitzgerald, Charles Kingsley, Stephen. D. Umans, ‘Electric Machinery’, Mc Graw
Hill publishing Company Ltd, 6th Education 2017.
2. Stephen J. Chapman, ‘Electric Machinery Fundamentals’4th edition, McGraw Hill
Education Pvt. Ltd, 4th Edition 2017.
3. D.P. Kothari and I.J. Nagrath, ‘Electric Machines’, McGraw Hill Publishing
Company Ltd, 5th Edition 2017
4. P.S. Bhimbhra, ‘Electrical Machinery’, Khanna Publishers, edition 2, 2021.

REFERENCES EE3405 Electrical Machines 2 Important Questions

1. Vincent Del Toro, ‘Basic Electric Machines’ Pearson India Education, 2016.
2. M.N. Bandyo padhyay, Electrical Machines Theory and Practice, PHI Learning PVT
LTD., New Delhi, 2011.
3. B.R.Gupta, ’Fundamental of Electric Machines’ New age International Publishers,3rd
Edition, Reprint 2015.
4. Murugesh Kumar, ‘Electric Machines’, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd, First edition 2010.
5. Alexander S. Langsdorf, ‘Theory of Alternating-Current Machinery’, McGraw Hill
Publications, 2001.

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