Anna University CE3401 Applied Hydraulics Engineering
Important Questions
Part A Important Questions
1. What is the main difference between pipe flow and open channel flow?
2. What is specific energy in open channel flow, and how is it related to the depth of flow?
3. What are the two numerical methods commonly used for determining the water surface profile in gradually varied flows?
4. Define the term “critical depth” in open channel flow.
5. What is the difference between an impulse turbine and a reaction turbine?
6. Define specific speed.
7. What is the difference between gradual and rapid varied flow?
8. Define hydraulic jump and explain why it occurs.
9. What is NPSH in centrifugal pumps?
10. Define cavitation in pumps.
11. Describe Open Channel flow.
12. Describe flow based on Froude number.
13. Recall Hydraulic slope.
14. Describe GVF.
15. Recall Hydraulic Jump.
16. Describe Surges.
17. Describe Impulse turbines.
18. Recall specific speed of turbine.
19. Recall NPSH.
20. Describe negative slip.
21. Define Froude Number.
22. State the application of Manning’s formula.
23. List the classification of flow profile.
24. Define afflux.
25. What is meant by Standing wave?
26. List the assumptions made in deriving an expression for the depth of hydraulic jump.
27. Give the working principle of Impulse turbine.
28. List out the applications of draft tube.
29. Give an abbreviation of NPSH and its application.
30. Define Negative slip.
Unit 1 – Part B
- Calculate the Specific energy, Critical depth and the velocity of the flow of 12 m³ in cement lined rectangular channel 3.5m wide with 2 m depth of water. Is the given flow is sub critical or super critical.
- Explain the concept of specific force in open channel flow, and discuss how it is related to specific energy and the depth of flow. Use relevant equations and diagrams to support your answer.
- A rectangular open channel has a bottom width of 5 m and a side slope of 1:2. The channel carries a discharge of 12 m³/s of water. The Manning roughness coefficient for the channel is 0.025. Determine the critical depth, the velocity of flow, the specific energy, and the Froude number at a section where the depth of flow is 3m. Also, calculate the average velocity of flow and the wetted perimeter at this section. Finally, determine the best hydraulic section for uniform flow, and calculate the depth and velocity of flow in this section. Assume that the channel is made of concrete, with a Manning roughness coefficient of 0.013.
- Explain the types and properties of open channel flow
- Explain velocity distribution in open channel flow.
- Calculate the bottom slope and conveyance ‘K’ of a rectangular flume of width 500 mm and depth of flow 300 mm having adjustable bottom slope with a flow of 100 lps. Take Chezy’s constant as 56.
- Explain the classification of flow in open channels with a neat sketches.
Unit 2 – Part B
- Explain the dynamic equations of gradually varied flows and the concept of hydraulic slope.
- A rectangular open channel has a bottom width of 6 m and a slope of 0.001. The channel carries a discharge of 10 m³/s of water. The channel has a sudden drop in elevation over a distance of 15 m. Calculate the velocity of flow and coefficient of discharge.
- Explain the classification of water surface flow profile.
- Describe the flow profile determination by Standard step method.
- Explain the procedure for flow profiles determination by standard step method.
- Calculate the following given below for a rectangular channel of width 7 m and depth of water 1.1 m, having a flow of 12 m³/s.
(i) Specific energy of a flowing water(ii) Critical depth and Critical Velocity
(iii) Value of minimum of specific energy.
Unit 3 – Part B
- Explain the momentum equation and its application to rapidly varied flows. Discuss the assumptions and limitations of the momentum equation.
- A rectangular channel with a bottom width of 4 meters and a slope of 0.005 has a discharge of 20 cubic meters per second. Determine the critical depth, the downstream depth, and the length of the hydraulic jump that will form.
- Describe the types of Hydraulic jumps with a neat sketchand mention their applications.
- Describe the dissipation of energy in RVF, and explain positive and negative surges.
- Discuss the application of momentum equation for rapidly varied flow.
Unit 4 – Part B
- Describe the different types of nozzles used in Pelton turbines and explain their significance.
- Derive an expression for the power output of the Pelton wheel turbine in terms of the jet velocity and the bucket geometry.
- Discuss the advantages and limitations of Francis turbines compared to other types of turbines.
- A Francis turbine has a runner diameter of 1 meter and a flow rate of 0.3 m³/s. The turbine operates with a head of 20 meters and an efficiency of 85%. Determine the power output of the turbine in kilowatts and the specific speed of the turbine. Also, sketch the head-flow curve of the turbine and discuss the concept of the runaway speed.
- Explain the classification of turbines with its merits and demerits.
- Describe the process of cavitation and explain the factors to assess performance of turbine.
- Compute the diameter of Pelton turbine and jet which develops 3000 kW under a head of 300 m having an overall efficiency of 83%, speed ratio = 0.46, coefficient of velocity (C) = 0.98, and specific speed (N) = 16.5.
Unit 5 – Part B
- Illustrate the characteristics curves of Centrifugal pumps with a neat sketch and its purpose.
- Explain the parts and the working principle of a reciprocating pump with a neat sketch.
- Describe the operating characteristics of a multistage pumps and its importance.
- Describe indicator diagrams and its variations of a reciprocating pumps with a neat sketch.
- Discuss the operating characteristics of centrifugal pumps, including the head-discharge curve and the efficiency curve.
- Explain the factors that affect the performance of centrifugal pumps and how they can be improved.
- Describe the components and working principles of a reciprocating pump.
- Discuss the phenomenon of negative slip and its effect on pump performance.