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r2013 notes

EE6801 Electric Energy Generation Utilization and Conservation Notes Regulation 2013 Anna University

EE6801 Electric Energy Generation Utilization and Conservation Notes

EE6801 Electric Energy Generation Utilization and Conservation Notes Regulation 2013 Anna University free download. Electric Energy Generation Utilization and Conservation EE6801 Notes pdf free download.

OBJECTIVES:  EE6801 Notes

• To analyze the various concepts behind renewable energy resources.

• To introduce the energy saving concept by different ways of illumination.

• To understand the different methods of electric heating and electric welding.

• To introduce knowledge on Solar Radiation and Solar Energy Collectors.

• To introduce concepts of Wind Energy and its utilization.

OUTCOMES: EE6801 Notes

Ability to understand and analyze power system operation, stability, control and protection.

Ability to handle the engineering aspects of electrical energy generation and utilization.

TEXT BOOKS:  EE6801 Notes

1. N.V. Suryanarayana, “Utilisation of Electric Power”, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Age International Limited,1993.

2. J.B.Gupta, “Utilisation Electric power and Electric Traction”, S.K.Kataria and Sons, 2000.

3. G.D.Rai, “Non-Conventional Energy Sources”, Khanna Publications Ltd., New Delhi, 1997.

REFERENCES:  EE6801 Notes

1. R.K.Rajput, Utilisation of Electric Power, Laxmi publications Private Limited.,2007.

2. H.Partab, Art and Science of Utilisation of Electrical Energy”, Dhanpat Rai and Co., New Delhi, 2004.

3. C.L.Wadhwa, “Generation, Distribution and Utilisation of Electrical Energy”, New Age International Pvt.Ltd., 2003.

4. S. Sivanagaraju, M. Balasubba Reddy, D. Srilatha,’ Generation and Utilization of Electrical Energy’, Pearson Education, 2010.

5. Donals L. Steeby,’ Alternative Energy Sources and Systems’, Cengage Learning, 2012.

Subject Name Electric Energy Generation Utilization and Conservation
Subject Code EE6801
Regulation 2013

EE6801 Electric Energy Generation Utilization and Conservation Notes click here to download

EE6801 Syllabus Electric Energy Generation Utilization and Conservation


EE6801 Important questions Electric Energy Generation Utilization and Conservation


EE6801 Questions Bank Electric Energy Generation Utilization and Conservation


 

Categories
UG syllabus R 2013

EE6801 Electric Energy Generation, Utilization and Conservation Syllabus

EE6801 Electric Energy Generation Utilization and Conservation Syllabus

EE6801 Electric Energy Generation Utilization and Conservation Syllabus Regulation 2013 Anna University free download. Electric Energy Generation Utilization and Conservation EE6801 Syllabus pdf free download.

UNIT I ELECTRIC DRIVES AND TRACTION EE6801 Syllabus

Fundamentals of electric drive – choice of an electric motor – application of motors for particular services – traction motors – characteristic features of traction motor – systems of railway electrification – electric braking – train movement and energy consumption – traction motor control – track equipment and collection gear.

UNIT II ILLUMINATION EE6801 Syllabus

Introduction – definition and meaning of terms used in illumination engineering – classification of light sources – incandescent lamps, sodium vapour lamps, mercury vapour lamps, fluorescent lamps – design of illumination systems – indoor lighting schemes – factory lighting halls – outdoor lighting schemes – flood lighting – street lighting – energy saving lamps, LED.

UNIT III HEATING AND WELDING EE6801 Syllabus

Introduction – advantages of electric heating – modes of heat transfer – methods of electric heating – resistance heating – arc furnaces – induction heating – dielectric heating – electric welding – types – resistance welding – arc welding – power supply for arc welding – radiation welding.

UNIT IV SOLAR RADIATION AND SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTORS EE6801 Syllabus

Introduction – solar constant – solar radiation at the Earth’s surface – solar radiation geometry – estimation of average solar radiation – physical principles of the conversion of solar radiation into heat – flat-plate collectors – transmissivity of cover system – energy balance equation and collector efficiency – concentrating collector – advantages and disadvantages of concentrating collectors – performance analysis of a cylindrical – parabolic concentrating collector – Feedin Invertors.

UNIT V WIND ENERGY EE6801 Syllabus

Introduction – basic principles of wind energy conversion – site selection considerations – basic components of a WECS (Wind Energy Conversion System) – Classification of WECS – types of wind Turbines – analysis of aerodynamic forces acting on the blade – performances of wind.

Subject Name Electric Energy Generation Utilization and Conservation
Subject Code EE6801
Regulation 2013

EE6801 Electric Energy Generation Utilization and Conservation Syllabus click here to download

EE6801 Notes Electric Energy Generation Utilization and Conservation


EE6801 Important questions Electric Energy Generation Utilization and Conservation


EE6801 Questions Bank Electric Energy Generation Utilization and Conservation


 

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question bank

EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Question Bank Regulation 2013 Anna University

EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Question Bank

EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Question Bank Regulation 2013 Anna University free download. Special Electrical Machines EE6703 Question Bank free pdf download.

Sample EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Question Bank:

1. What is stepper motor?

A stepper motor is a digital actuator whose input is in the form of programmed
energization of the stator windings and whose output is in the form of discrete angular rotation. (ee6703 special electrical machines question bank)

2. Define step angle.

Step angle is definrd as the angle through which the motor rotates for each command pulse.it is denoted as β.

3. Define slewing

The stepper motor operates at very high speed is called slew angle.i,e (25000 steps per sec).

4. Define resolution

It is defined as the no.of steps needed to complete one revolution of the shaft.
Resolution = no . of steps /revolution (ee6703 special electrical machines question bank)

5. Mention some applications of stepper motor

I.floppy disc drives
ii. qurtz watch
iii. camera shutter operation
iv. dot matrix and line printers
v. small tool application
vi. robotics

6. What are the advantages and disadvantages of stepper motor?

Adv:
1. it can be driven in open loop without feedback
2. it is mechanically simple
3. it requires little or no maintenance.
Disadv:
1.low efficiency
2.fixed step angle
3.limited power output (ee6703 special electrical machines question bank)

7. Define holding torque.

Holding torque is the maximum load torque which the energized stepper motor can withstand without slipping from equilibrium position

8. Define detent torque

Detent torque is the maximum torque which the unenergised stepper motor can
withstand without slipping.it is also known as cogging torque.

9. What is meant by full step operation?

Full step operation or single phase on mode is the one in which at a time only one phase winding is energized, due to which one stator winding is energized and causes the rotor to rotate some angle.

(ee6703 special electrical machines question bank)

Subject Name Special Electrical Machines
Subject Code EE6703
Regulation 2013

EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Question Bank click here to download

EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Syllabus


EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Notes


EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Important questions


 

Categories
Important question

EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Important questions Regulation 2013 Anna University

EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Important questions

EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Important questions Regulation 2013 Anna University free download. Special Electrical Machines EE6703 Important questions free pdf download.

Sample EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Important questions:

1. What is synchronous reluctance motor?

 A reluctance motor is a type of synchronous electric motor which induces nonpermanent magnetic poles on the ferromagnetic rotor. Torque is generated through the phenomenon of magnetic reluctance.

 The stator consists of multiple salient (ie. projecting) electromagnet poles, similar to a wound field brushed DC motor. The rotor consists of soft magnetic material, such as laminated silicon steel, which has multiple projections acting as salient magnetic poles through magnetic reluctance. EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Important questions

 The number of rotor poles is typically less than the number of stator poles, which minimizes torque ripple and prevents the poles from all aligning simultaneously — a position which can not generate torque.

2. Define the characteristics of synchronous reluctance motor.

The synchronous reluctance motor is not self starting without the squirrel cage. During run up it behaves as an induction motor but as it approaches synchronous speed, the reluctance torque takes over and the motor locks into synchronous speed.

3. Write the applications of syrm.

Used where regulated speed control is required in applications suc as metering pumps and industrial process equipment. (EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Important questions)

4. What are the classification of syrm

 Axially laminated
 Radially laminated

5. What are the primary design consideration of syrm?

 High o/p power capability
 Ability of the rotor to withstand high speed.
 High reliability
 Low cost
 High efficiency

6. Define power factor of syrm

PF max=(Ld/Lq-1)/(Ld/Lq+1)
Higher Ld/Lq ratos yield higher power factors,which corresponds to reduced I^2R losses and reduce volt ampere ratings of the inverter driving the machine. (EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Important questions)

7. What are the applications of the torque – speed characteristics of syrm?

 Comparable power density but better efficiency than induction motor
 Slightly lower power factor
 Sensorless control is much easier due to motor saliency.

(EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Important questions)

Subject Name Special Electrical Machines
Subject Code EE6703
Regulation 2013

EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Important questions click here to download

EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Syllabus


EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Notes


EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Question Bank


 

Categories
r2013 notes

EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Notes Regulation 2013 Anna University

EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Notes

EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Notes Regulation 2013 Anna University free download. Special Electrical Machines EE6703 Notes free pdf download.

OUTCOMES: EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Notes

Ability to model and analyze electrical apparatus and their application to power system

TEXT BOOKS: EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Notes

1. K.Venkataratnam, ‘Special Electrical Machines’, Universities Press (India) Private Limited, 2008.

2. T.J.E. Miller, ‘Brushless Permanent Magnet and Reluctance Motor Drives’, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1989.

3. T. Kenjo, ‘Stepping Motors and Their Microprocessor Controls’, Clarendon Press London, 1984.

REFERENCES: EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Notes

1. R.Krishnan, ‘Switched Reluctance Motor Drives – Modeling, Simulation, Analysis, Design and Application’, CRC Press, New York, 2001.

2. P.P. Aearnley, ‘Stepping Motors – A Guide to Motor Theory and Practice’, Peter Perengrinus London, 1982.

3. T. Kenjo and S. Nagamori, ‘Permanent Magnet and Brushless DC Motors’, Clarendon Press, London, 1988.

4. E.G. Janardanan, ‘Special electrical machines’, PHI learning Private Limited, Delhi, 2014.

Constructional features

They have several useful properties, including:
(1) combined reluctance and magnet alignment torque;
(2) field-weakening capability;
(3) under-excited operation for most load conditions;
(4) high inductance;
(5) high speed capability; and
(6) high temperature capability.

The synchronous reluctance motor is completely free of magnets and their operational problems. (EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Notes)

It is inexpensive to make, and can operate at extremely high speeds and at higher temperatures than PM motors. However, its power factor and efficiency are not as high as those of a PM motor, and the converter kVA requirement is higher.

The synchronous reluctance motor offers many of the advantages of the switched reluctance motor discussed in Chapter 7, but with the two added advantages that it can operate from essentially standard p.w.m. a.c. inverters and has lower torque ripple. It can also be built with a standard induction-motor stator and winding. (EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Notes)

Subject Name Special Electrical Machines
Subject Code EE6703
Regulation 2013

EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Notes click here to download

EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Syllabus


EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Important questions


EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Question Bank


 

Categories
UG syllabus R 2013

EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Syllabus Regulation 2013 Anna University

EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Syllabus

EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Syllabus Regulation 2013 Anna University free download. Special Electrical Machines EE6703 Syllabus free pdf download.

OBJECTIVES: EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Syllabus

To impart knowledge on Construction, principle of operation and performance of synchronous reluctance motors.

To impart knowledge on the Construction, principle of operation, control and performance of stepping motors.

To impart knowledge on the Construction, principle of operation, control and performance of switched reluctance motors.

To impart knowledge on the Construction, principle of operation, control and performance of permanent magnet brushless D.C. motors.

To impart knowledge on the Construction, principle of operation and performance of
permanent magnet synchronous motors.

UNIT I SYNCHRONOUS RELUCTANCE MOTORS EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Syllabus

Constructional features – Types – Axial and Radial flux motors – Operating principles – Variable Reluctance Motors – Voltage and Torque Equations – Phasor diagram – performance characteristics – Applications.

UNIT II STEPPER MOTORS EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Syllabus

Constructional features – Principle of operation – Variable reluctance motor – Hybrid motor – Single and multi stack configurations – Torque equations – Modes of excitation – Characteristics – Drive circuits – Microprocessor control of stepper motors – Closed loop control-Concept of lead angle– Applications.

UNIT III SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTORS EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Syllabus

Constructional features – Rotary and Linear SRM – Principle of operation – Torque production – Steady state performance prediction- Analytical method -Power Converters and their controllers – Methods of Rotor position sensing – Sensor less operation – Characteristics and Closed loop control – Applications.

UNIT IV PERMANENT MAGNET BRUSHLESS D.C. MOTORS

Permanent Magnet materials – Minor hysteresis loop and recoil line-Magnetic Characteristics – Permeance coefficient -Principle of operation – Types – Magnetic circuit analysis – EMF and torque equations –Commutation – Power Converter Circuits and their controllers – Motor characteristics and control– Applications.

UNIT V PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS (PMSM) EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Syllabus

Principle of operation – Ideal PMSM – EMF and Torque equations – Armature MMF – Synchronous Reactance – Sine wave motor with practical windings – Phasor diagram – Torque/speed characteristics – Power controllers – Converter Volt-ampere requirements– Applications.

Subject Name Special Electrical Machines
Subject Code EE6703
Regulation 2013

EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Syllabus click here to download

EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Notes


EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Important questions


EE6703 Special Electrical Machines Question Bank


 

Categories
question bank

EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Question Bank Regulation 2013 Anna University

EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Question Bank

EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Question Bank Regulation 2013 Anna University free download. EE6702 Question Bank Protection and Switchgear pdf free download.

Sample EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Question Bank:

1. (a) What are the causes of over voltage on a power system?(8)
(b) Why is it necessary to protect the lines and other equipment of the power system against over voltages?(8)

2. Describe the phenomenon of lightning.(16)

3. What protective measures are taken against lightning over voltages?(16)

4. (a) What is tower-footing resistance?(4)
(b) Why is it required to have this resistance as low as economically possible? (4)
(c) What are the methods to reduce this resistance?(8) (ee6702 protection and switchgear Question bank)

5. (a) What is necessity of protecting electrical equipment against traveling waves?(6)

(b)Describe in brief the protective devices used for protection of equipment against such waves?(10) (ee6702 protection and switchgear Question bank)

6. Describe the protection of stations and sub-stations against direct lightning stroke. (16)

7. Describe the construction and principle of operation of
(i) expulsion type lightning arrester,(8)
(ii) Value type lightning arrester.(8)

8. What is Peterson coil? What protective functions are performed by this device? (16) (ee6702 protection and switchgear Question bank)

9. Write short notes on the following.
(i) klydonograph and magnetic link(4)
(ii) Rod gap(4)
(iii) Arcing horns(4)
(iv) Basic impulse insulation level(4)

10. What are the requirements of a ground wire for protecting power conductors against direct lightning stroke? Explain how they are achieved in practice.(16)

11. Determine the inductance of Peterson coil to be connected between the neutral and ground to neutralize the charging current of overhead line having the line to ground capacitive of 0.15μf. If the supply frequency is 50Hz and the operating voltage is 132 KV, find the KVA rating of the coil.(16) (ee6702 protection and switchgear Question bank)

Subject Name Protection and Switchgear
Subject Code EE6702
Regulation 2013

EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Question Bank click here to download

EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Syllabus


EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Notes


EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Important questions


 

 

Categories
Important question

EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Important questions Regulation 2013 Anna University

EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Important questions

EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Important questions Regulation 2013 Anna University free download. EE6702 Important questions Protection and Switchgear pdf free download.

Sample EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Important questions:

1. What are the functions of protective relays

To detect the fault and initiate the operation of the circuit breaker to isolate the
defective element from the rest of the system, thereby protecting the system from damages consequent to the fault.

2. Give the consequences of short circuit. (EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Important questions)

Whenever a short-circuit occurs, the current flowing through the coil increases to an enormous value. If protective relays are present , a heavy current also flows through the relay coil, causing it to operate by closing its contacts.The trip circuit is then closed , thecircuit breaker opens and the fault is isolated from the rest of the system. Also, a low voltage may be created which may damage systems connected to the supply.

3. Define protected zone. ()

Are those which are directly protected by a protective system such as relays, fuses or switchgears.If a fault occurring in a zone can be immediately detected and or isolated by a protection scheme dedicated to that particular zone.

4. What are unit system and non unit system? (EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Important questions)

A unit protective system is one in which only faults occurring within its protected
zone are isolated.Faults occurring elsewhere in the system have no influence on the operation of a unit system.A non unit system is a protective system which is activated even when the faults are external to its protected zone.

5. What is primary protection?

Is the protection in which the fault occurring in a line will be cleared by its own
relay and circuit breaker.It serves as the first line of defence.

6. What is back up protection? (EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Important questions)

Is the second line of defence , which operates if the primary protection fails to
activate within a definite time delay.

7. Name the different kinds of over current relays.

Induction type non-directional over current relay,Induction type directional over current relay & current differential relay.

8. Define energizing quantity.

It refers to the current or voltage which is used to activate the relay into operation.

9. Define operating time of a relay. (EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Important questions)

It is defined as the time period extendind from the occurrence of the fault through
the relay detecting the fault to the operation of the relay.

10. Define resetting time of a relay.

It is defined as the time taken by the relay from the instant of isolating the fault to
the moment when the fault is removed and the relay can be reset.

EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Important questions

Subject Name Protection and Switchgear
Subject Code EE6702
Regulation 2013

EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Important questions click here to download

EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Syllabus


EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Notes


EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Question Bank


 

Categories
r2013 notes

EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Notes Regulation 2013 Anna University

EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Notes

EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Notes Regulation 2013 Anna University free download. EE6702 Notes Protection and Switchgear pdf free download.

OBJECTIVES: EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Notes

To educate the causes of abnormal operating conditions (faults, lightning and switching surges) of the apparatus and system.

To introduce the characteristics and functions of relays and protection schemes.

To impart knowledge on apparatus protection.

To introduce static and numerical relays.

To impart knowledge on functioning of circuit breakers.

OUTCOMES: EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Notes

Ability to understand and analyze power system operation, stability, control and protection.

TEXT BOOKS: EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Notes

1. Sunil S.Rao, ‘Switchgear and Protection’, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, 2008.

2. B.Rabindranath and N.Chander, ‘Power System Protection and Switchgear’, New Age International (P) Ltd., First Edition 2011.

3. M.L.Soni, P.V.Gupta, U.S.Bhatnagar, A.Chakrabarti, ‘A Text Book on Power System Engineering’, Dhanpat Rai & Co.,1998.

REFERENCES: EE6702 Notes Protection and Switchgear 

1. Badri Ram ,B.H. Vishwakarma, ‘Power System Protection and Switchgear’, New Age International Pvt Ltd Publishers, Second Edition 2011.

2. Y.G.Paithankar and S.R.Bhide, ‘Fundamentals of power system protection’, Second Edition, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2010.

3. C.L.Wadhwa, ‘Electrical Power Systems’, 6th Edition, New Age International (P) Ltd., 2010

4. Ravindra P.Singh, ‘ Switchgear and Power System Protection’, PHI Learning Private Ltd., New Delhi, 2009.

5. Bhavesh Bhalja, R.P. Maheshwari, Nilesh G. Chotani,’Protection and Switchgear’ Oxford University Press, 2011.

Subject Name Protection and Switchgear
Subject Code EE6702
Regulation 2013

EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Notes click here to download

EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Syllabus


EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Important questions


EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Question Bank


 

Categories
UG syllabus R 2013

EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Syllabus Regulation 2013 Anna University

EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Syllabus

EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Syllabus Regulation 2013 Anna University free download. EE6702 Syllabus Protection and Switchgear pdf free download.

UNIT I PROTECTION SCHEMES EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Syllabus

Principles and need for protective schemes – nature and causes of faults – types of faults – fault current calculation using symmetrical components – Methods of Neutral grounding – Zones of protection and essential qualities of protection – Protection schemes

UNIT II ELECTROMAGNETIC RELAYS EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Syllabus

Operating principles of relays – the Universal relay – Torque equation – R-X diagram – Electromagnetic Relays – Overcurrent, Directional, Distance, Differential, Negative sequence and Under frequency relays.

UNIT III APPARATUS PROTECTION EE6702 Syllabus Protection and Switchgear

Current transformers and Potential transformers and their applications in protection schemes – Protection of transformer, generator, motor, busbars and transmission line.

UNIT IV STATIC RELAYS AND NUMERICAL PROTECTION EE6702 Syllabus Protection and Switchgear

Static relays – Phase, Amplitude Comparators – Synthesis of various relays using Static comparators – Block diagram of Numerical relays – Overcurrent protection, transformer differential protection, distant protection of transmission lines.

UNIT V CIRCUIT BREAKERS EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Syllabus

Physics of arcing phenomenon and arc interruption – DC and AC circuit breaking – re-striking voltage and recovery voltage – rate of rise of recovery voltage – resistance switching – current chopping – interruption of capacitive current – Types of circuit breakers – air blast, air break, oil, SF6 and vacuum circuit breakers – comparison of different circuit breakers – Rating and selection of Circuit breakers.

Subject Name Protection and Switchgear
Subject Code EE6702
Regulation 2013

EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Syllabus click here to download

EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Notes


EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Important questions


EE6702 Protection and Switchgear Question Bank