Taiping Rebellion- A.O 1854
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The Americans, the French and other foreign countries signed similar treaties with China.
The Chinese rebelled against the native Manchu kings and the foreigners in 1854.
The rebellion was known as Taiping Rebellion and it was also suppressed.
Second Opium war A.D1857-A.D 1860
The foreigners demanded more ports for trade. The Chinese government rejected the demand.
The British and French bombarded and captured Canton in 1857.It was called as the Second Opium War.
The Chinese were defeated and agreed to sign the Treaty at Peking in 1860.
The Chinese ceded the port of Kowloon to Great Britain and opened more ports for other Europeans.
Boxer Rebellion
After Second Opium war, there prevailed peace and tranquility in China for some time.
When China was defeated by Japan in the First Sino – Japanese war in 1894, China had to give the Island of Formosa (Taiwan) to Japan.
The Chinese got angry with the Manchu ruler. But the Empress Dowager, known as old Buddha decided to divert the public anger against her.
She made the Chinese youths turn their anger towards the foreign powers which led to the outbreak of Boxer Rebellion.
The Boxers attacked the British, French, German, Japanese and U.S settlements and all the Christians in 1899.
The End of Imperialism
The combined army of the foreign powers defeated the Boxers and marched to Peking, the capital of China.
Empress Dowager fled the capital. The U.S.A and England formulated the Open Door Policy or “Me too policy”.
The Chinese territories were partitioned among the foreign powers for trade rights.
Thus China became an international colony.
The lessons learnt in the Boxer rebellion paved the way for the Revolution of
1911 and the establishment of a Republic of China under Dr. Sun Vat Sen.