1. Mention the differences between primary and back up protection.
2. List out the merits of neutral grounding.
3. Give the purpose of plug setting.
4. Write the torque equation of the universal relay.
5. What are the possible that may occur in an alternator?
6. Illustrate different protections given to the bus bars.
7. Distinguish between static relays with electromagnetic relays.
8. State the advantages of numerical relays.
9. Strike a comparison between recovery voltage and restriking voltage.
10. How arc is quenched in a circuit breaker?
Part B
1. Describe the different faults occurring in power system. Also discuss about causes and effects of faults in power system.
2. Explain clearly about the zones of protection in power system.
3. Explain the construction and operating principle of impedance type distance relay with R-X diagram.
4. With neat diagram, describe the construction and principle of operation of negative sequence relay.
5. Describe the construction and working of buchholz relay. Mention its merits and demerits.
6. Discuss about the different types of protection schemes employed for transmission lines.
7. Discuss in detail about the synthesis of reactance relay using static phase. comparator.
8. Explain the operation of numerical over current relay with the neat block diagram.
9. Explain current chopping with necessary diagrams.
10. With neat figure, explain the construction and working of SFs circuit breaker. State the advantages, disadvantages and applications of SF& breaker.
11. In 132 kV transmission system, the phase to ground capacitance is 0.01 µF the inductance being 6 H.
(i) Calculate the voltage appearing across the pole of a circuit breaker if a magnetizing current of 10A is interrupted.
(ii) Find the value of resistance to be used across contact space to eliminate the striking voltage transient.
(iii) Determine frequency of natural oscillations and damped frequency of oscillations.
With neat diagram, describe the construction and working of alternator.
Discuss the parallel operation of two alternators with identical speed/load characteristics.
Describe the parallel operation of three phase alternators with help of a neat diagram.
Explain the principle and construction of synchronous generator with neat diagram. Derive its emf equation.
Derive the generated EMF expression for an alternator. What will be the rms value of emf induced per phase in 3-phase, 6-pole, star-connected alternator having a stator with 90 slots and 8 conductors per slot? The flux per pole is 0.4mWb and it runs at a speed of 1000 rpm. Assume full-pitched coils and sinusoidal flux distribution.
How the regulation of an alternator is found using EMF method? A single-phase, 500 V, 50 Hz alternator produces a short-circuit current of 170 A and an open circuit emf of 425 V when a field current of 15A passes. through its field winding. If its armature has an effective resistance of 0.2 ohm, determine its full-load regulation at unity pf and at 0.8 pf lagging using EMF method.
Unit 2
Draw the simplified equivalent circuit of synchronous motor and explain the effect of loading in synchronous motor at various power factors with help of phasor diagrams.
The synchronous reactance per phase of a 3-phase, star connected 6600 V synchronous motor is 18 2. For a certain load the input is 900 kW at normal voltage and the induced line EMF is 8400 V. Determine the line current and power factor.
Explain briefly the constructional features and principle of operation of three-phase synchronous motor.
What is the need for starters? Explain various methods used for starting a synchronous motor.
Discuss the starting methods of synchronous motor.
Describe the method of finding out the “V and inverted V” curve with neat sketch.
Unit 3
Describe the construction of circle diagram of an induction motor and explain how maximum torque is obtained.
Draw and explain the torque-slip characteristics of cage and wound rotor motor. Also derive the expression for the maximum running torque.
Sketch and Explain the torque slip characteristics of 3 phase cage and slip-ring induction motors. Show the stable region in the graph.
Discuss the different power stages of an induction motor with losses.
Explain the working of synchronous induction motor with a schematic diagram.
Explain the construction, working principle and parts of three phase induction motor.
Discuss how the circle diagram is constructed through the No load and blocked rotor tests in three phase Induction motor.
Unit 4
With neat circuit explain the Static Scherbius system of slip power recovery scheme. Also state the merits of Scherbius system over Kramer system.
List the various methods of starting of 3 phase induction motor and discuss any two methods of starting in detail.
Discuss the various starting methods of induction motors.
Discuss the cascade operation of induction motors to obtain variable speed.
Explain the Rotor resistance starter in 3 phase Induction motor with neat sketch.
Briefly discuss the operation of Static Kramer’s and Static Scherbius drives with neat sketch.
Unit 5
Single phase induction motor is not self-starting. State the reason and explain about the double revolving field theory.
Describe the constructional features and principle of operation of hysteresis motor and AC series motor.
List out the classification of single phase motors. Explain any two types of single phase induction motors.
Discuss the construction, operation and characteristics of the following:
(i) Repulsion motor.
(ii) Servo motor.
Discuss the concept of Double field revolving theory with neat sketch.
Discuss the operation of Linear induction motor with neat sketch.
The instruction code 01001111 (4FH) is stored in memory location 5005H. Illustrate the data flow with appropriate sketch and list the sequence of events when the instruction code is fetched by the 8085 MPU.
Two machine codes 00111110 (3EH) and 00110010 (32H) are stored in memory locations 8000H and 8001H, respectively. The first machine code (3EH) represents the opcode to load a data byte in the accumulator, and the second code (32H) represents the data byte to be loaded in the accumulator. Illustrate the bus timings as these machine codes are executed. Calculate the time required to execute the Opcode Fetch and the Memory Read cycles and the entire instruction cycle if the clock frequency is 2 MHz.
With a neat sketch, briefly explain the interrupt structure of 8085 microprocessor.
Draw and explain the timing diagram of CALL instruction in 8085 microprocessor.
Explain the software and hardware interrupts available in 8085 along with their vector addresses.
Draw and explain the timing diagram of (i) Memory read machine cycle and (ii) Memory write cycle of 8085.
Unit 2
Load the bit pattern 91H in register B and 87H in register C. Mask all the bits except DO from registers B and C. If DO is at logic 1 in both registers, turn on the light connected to the DO position of output port 01H; otherwise, turn off the light.
Define addressing modes. Also, comment on the addressing modes supported in 8085 microprocessor with suitable examples.
Write instructions to clear the CY flag, to load number FFH in register B, and increment (B). If the CY flag is set, display 01 at the output port; otherwise, display the contents of register B. Explain your results.
Write a subroutine to set the Zero flag and check whether the instruction JZ (Jump on Zero) functions properly, without modifying any register contents other than flags.
) Illustrate the contents of the stack memory and registers when PUSH and POP instructions are executed, and explain how memory pointers are exchanged.
Write an assembly language program to perform bubble sorting operation.
List and define the addressing modes supported by 8085 microprocessor with examples.
State the data manipulation instructions in 8051 microprocessor and mention their functions.
Unit 3
Discuss in detail about the various modes and operation of the programmable timer 8254 when it is interfaced with the 8085 processor.
) Discuss in detail about the various modes of operation of the 8279 with various functional blocks and the control word registers.
With a neat circuit diagram/functional block diagram, interface an analog sensor with 8085 microprocessor. Also, write an assembly language program to read, convert the sensor value and save the result in 8000H.
Briefly explain the different modes of operation in 8254 IC? Support the answer with appropriate timing diagrams.
With neat diagram, Explain the architecture and interfacing of 8255 PPI.
Draw the internal block diagram of 8279 keyboard display controller and explain its features.
Unit 4
Explain the various operating modes of 8051 timer and special function registers associated with timer/counter.
Explain the structure of port 0 and port 3 of 8051 microcontroller.
Briefly explain the methodology of interfacing and configuring an external memory with 8051 microcontrollers.
Discuss in detail about timer mode and control operations of 8051 microcontrollers with the relevant special function registers.
Discuss in detail about the methodology involved in configuration, Data transmission and reception via UART module in 8051 microcontroller. Assume a crystal oscillator of 11.059 MHz is connected to a microcontroller for achieving 19200 baud rate. Also, calculate the value of TH1 to be loaded in order to achieve the desired baud rate. Support the data transmission and reception part via assembly language programming.
With a neat circuit diagram and assembly language program, briefly explain the process of interfacing a unipolar stepper motor with 8051 microcontroller in 4-step sequence/bi- phase mode..
Unit 5
With a neat sketch, describe the features and architecture of PIC16F877 microcontroller.
With a neat sketch, detail the interrupt structure supported in PIC16F877 microcontroller.
Draw the architecture and list the major functional elements of PIC microcontroller.
Mention the instructions of PIC microcontroller and their functions.
With a neat sketch, detail about the different functional blocks available in a PIC16 series of microcontrollers.
Briefly explain the process of configuring and programming the external interrupts in PIC16 Series MCU. Illustrate it with a real-time example.
List out the functional elements of a generalized Instrumentation System. Draw the functional block diagram of an Instrumentation system and explain their functions.
Define and explain the following terms.
(i) Speed of response
(ii) Measuring lag
(iii) Fidelity and dynamic error
With aid of block diagram showing the basic functional elements of an General instrument and explain the functions of each block with example.
Describe in detail the different types of dynamic errors in a measurement system.
Draw the block diagram of a measurement system and explain about each functional element in it.
Explain in detail about instrumental errors, their classification and remedial step taken in the case of occurrence of such errors.
Unit 2
Describe the working principle of repulsion type moving iron instruments. Derive the expression for deflection if spring control is used.
Describe the constructional details and operation of a single phase induction type energy meter.
Explain the principle construction and working of single phase induction type energy meter also list its merits and demerits.
Explain with neat diagram about the principle construction and working of repulsive type moving iron instrument and also discuss its merits and demerits.
With neat diagrams, explain the working of dynamometer wattmeter and write the expression for average deflecting torque while measuring ac power.
Explain the construction and principle of working of induction type wattmeter.
Unit 3
Construct the Wien Bridge and explain its operation with bridge balance equations.
Draw the circuit for Instrumentation Amplifier and explain its operation with voltage expression.
Explain the operation of wheatstone bridge with neat circuit diagram and also derive the expression for determining unknown resistance.
Explain how inductance is measured in terms of known capacitance using Maxwell’s bridge and also derive the equation for balance condition.
Derive the expression for unknown inductance using Maxwell’s bridge.
State the conditions for an ac bridge to be balanced. Draw the circuit diagram of a schering’s bridge and derive the expressions for the unknown quantities.
Unit 4
Explain how are the magnitude and direction of the displacement detected in linear voltage differential transformer (LVDT).
What is called Smart Sensor? Mention its salient features. Explain its operation with its functional block diagram.
With a suitable transducer explain the measurement of
(i) Pressure
(ii) Temperature
Explain the basic building blocks of smart sensor and compare it with conventional sensors.
Explain why the ac tachometer deviates from linearity characteristics at high speeds.
With a circuit explain the working of a thermistor and explain why it is not suited at high temperatures.
Unit 5
Explain the principle, how frequency of AC signals can be measured using the digital instrument.
Draw the functional block diagram of Digital Storage Oscilloscope and describe its operation.
With neat diagram explain the working of successive approximation type ADC with suitable example.
Explain the working of weighted resistor type DAC with neat circuit diagram.
Draw the block diagram of a DSO and explain the working. Compare between ASO and DSO performance.
Explain four important features of virtual instrumentation.
EE3402 Linear Integrated Circuits Important Questions
Unit 1
Summarize the steps involved in the N-well process in CMOS processing technology.
Discuss the ion implantation diffusion and metallization in silicon semiconductor technology.
Summarize the steps involved in the P-well process in CMOS processing technology.
Explain the classifications of ICs.
Explain the following processes in detail: Epitaxy, Masking and Etching.
Explain the IC packaging techniques.
Explain the steps used in fabrication of diodes.
Explain the epitaxial growth, masking, etching and diffusion techniques in IC fabrication process with neat sketch.
Explain the different types of IC capacitor fabrication technique.
Unit 2
Derive the gain of the non-inverting amplifier using Opamp.
Design an inverting amplifier with a gain of -5 and input resistance of 10 ΚΩ.
Design a practical differentiator circuit to differentiate signals from 500Hz to 1000 Hz. Assume the input capacitance of 0.1 µF, if the input signal is 0.4 sin 27 (1000)t volts. Express the output voltage.
Explain the methods used to avoid unstable condition in op-amp.
Draw and explain the AC characteristics of op-amp.
Explain the following applications of OPAMP:
(i) Voltage to Current Converter
(ii) Current to Voltage Converter
With neat sketch explain the adder-subtractor combinational circuit with neat sketch.
Describe the working of differentiator and integrator. Draw the outputs for the inputs, sine and square waves.
Unit 3
Design a second-order low-pass Butterworth filter with a cut-off frequency of 10 KHz and unity gain at low frequency. Also, determine the magnitude of the voltage transfer function in dB at 12 for the filter.
Using Opamp, discuss in detail the circuit to implement a logarithmic amplifier. Also, Illustrate how two analog voltages are multiplied using log-antilog amplifiers.
Explain the following applications of OPAMP:
(i) Clippers
(ii) Clampers
(iii) S/H circuit
With aid of neat diagram briefly explain.
(i) Weighted resistor DAC
(ii) R-2R ladder
Explain the working of a second order active low pass filter with neat sketch and also draw its frequency response curve.
Explain the R-2R ladder and inverted R-2R ladder DACs.
Unit 4
Explain the operation of PLL with a suitable diagram. Show how phase locked loop can be employed for FSK demodulation.
Discuss the operation of the Voltage Controlled Oscillator with neat, functional diagram.
With neat diagram explain the operation of astable and monostable multivibrators. Design a 555 astable multivibrator to give 2 KHz pulse repetition frequency with 70% duty cycle. Use Vcc = 18V.
Explain the basic blocks of PLL and its operation. A PLL system with 105 KHz input has a VCO with 100 KHz free running frequency and 3.3 kHz/V sensitivity and phase detector sensitivity is 0.68 V/rad, and amplifier gain is 5. Calculate the loop gain, capture range, maximum error voltage and maximum amplitude of the output voltage of the system.
Briefly discuss the working of Phase Locked Loops (PLL).
With neat sketch, describe the working of a Astable multivibrator using 555 timer.
Unit 5
Design a voltage regulator circuit to produce a constant voltage of 9V and discuss the voltage regulator circuit.
Draw the functional block diagram of the IC 723 regulator and explain its current limiting feature and current fold-back characteristics.
With neat diagram explain IC723 general purpose voltage regulator. Explain the current limiting features of 723.
Explain the working principle of switch-mode power supplies along with its advantages and disadvantages.
Discuss the working of AD623 Instrumentation amplifier with neat sketch and also explain how it is used in the weight measurement.
Discuss the operation of Switched Mode Power Supply with neat sketch.
EE3401 Transmission and Distribution Important Questions
Unit 1
Derive the expression for capacitance of a three-phase transmission line for symmetrical and asymmetrical spacing.
Derive the expression for inductance of a three phase transmission line for symmetrical and asymmetrical spacing.
Derive an expression for loop inductance of a single phase transmission system.
Derive the expression for inductance of three phase line with unsymmetrical spacing.
A 220kV, 50Hz, 200km long three phase line has its conductors on the corners of a triangle with sides 6m, 6m and 12m. The conductor radius is 1.81 cm. Find the capacitance per phase per km. Capacitive reactance per phase, Charging current and Charging Mega volt-amperes.
Unit 2
Derive the expression for voltage regulation and transmission efficiency of a short transmission line.
Describe the importance of power circle diagram and explain the procedure to draw the power circle diagram at the receiving end.
A three phase 5km long transmission line, having resistance of 0.52/km and inductance of 1.76 mH/km is delivering power at 0.8 pf lagging. The receiving end voltage is 32kV. If the supply end voltage is 33 kV, 50 Hz, find
(i) Line current
(ii) Regulation
(iii) Efficiency of the transmission line.
Using rigorous method, derive expression for sending end voltage and current for a long transmission line.
Assume a three-phase line has the impedance of 5+j20 ohm per phase delivers a load of 30MW at a power factor of 0.8 lag and voltage of 33kV. Determine the capacity of the phase modifier to be installed at the receiving end if the voltage at sending end is to be maintained at 33kV. Assume the shunt admittance is neglected.
Explain various steps involved in receiving end power circle diagram with neat sketches.
Unit 3
A transmission line has a span of 214 meters between level supports. The conductors have a cross-sectional area of 3.225 cm². Calculate the factor of safety under the following conditions: Vertical sag 2.35 m; Wind pressure 1.5 kg/m run Breaking Stress = 2540 kg/cm² Wt. of conductor 1.125 kg/m
The towers of height 30 m and 90 m respectively support a transmission line conductor at water crossing. The horizontal distance between the towers is 500 m. If the tension in the conductor is 1600 kg, find the minimum clearance of the conductor and water, and clearance mid-way between the supports. Weight of conductor is 1.5 kg/m. Bases of the towers can be considered to be at water level.
A transmission line conductor is supported on the towers of equal height. The height of each tower is 30 m. The distance between the towers is 160 m, tension in the conductor is 2500 kg and cross sectional area of conductor is 2.5 cm². Compute the sag.
In a 33 kV overhead line, there are three units in the string of insulators. If the capacitance between each insulator pin and earth is 11% of self capacitance of each insulator, find the distribution of voltage over 3 insulators and string efficiency. Draw the equivalent circuit.
Derive an expression for sag of a line supported between two supports of the same height. Also Explain the effect of ice and wind loading.
Define string efficiency of suspension insulator string. List the methods to improve it.
Each line of 3 phase system is suspended by the string of 3 identical insulators of self-capacitance ‘C’ F. The shunt capacitance of connecting metal work of each insulator is 0.2 C to earth and 0.1 C to line. Calculate the string efficiency of the system if a guard ring increases the capacitance to the line of metal work of the lowest insulator to 0.3C.
Unit 4
What is grading? Explain the methods of grading of cables, with neat diagrams and equations.
The following are the two main methods of grading of cables:
(i) Capacitance grading
(ii) Intersheath grading
With neat diagrams, explain the constructional features of following types of cables.
(i) Belted cables.
(ii) Screened cables
(iii) Pressure cables
Explain, the methods of grading of cables with neat diagrams and equations.
Derive the expression for insulation resistance, capacitance, electric stress and dielectric loss of a single core cable.
With neat diagram, explain the various methods of grading of underground cables.
Derive an expression for the insulation resistance, capacitance and the electrostatic stress of a single core cable.
Unit 5
What are the different types of bus bar arrangements used in substations? Illustrate your answer with suitable diagrams.
) Discuss the advantages of HVDC transmission over HVAC transmission in detail.
Explain, with a neat layout the modern EHV system. What is the highest voltage level available in India for EHV transmission?
Find the ratio of volume of copper required to transmit the power over a given distance, by overhead system using,
(i) DC 2 wire and 3 wire system,
(ii) 3 phase, 3 wire AC system.
Explain the following types of FACTS controllers with necessary diagrams.
(i) Shunt controller
(ii) Combined series series controllers
(iii) Combined series shunt controller
Describe the following methods of voltage control with necessary diagrams.
(i) Tap changing transformers.
(ii) Auto-transformer tap changing.
(iii) Booster transformer.
EE3251 Electric Circuits Analysis Important Questions
Unit 1
Determine the node to reference voltages for the circuit shown in Fig. 1.
Obtain a relationship between root mean square value and peak value of a sinusoidal signal.
Find the value of ‘Vo’ in the circuit shown in Figure 6.
Find the range of ‘Rin’ for the circuit shown in Figure 7.
Unit 2
Find the Norton equivalent circuit for the circuit shown in Fig.2 at terminals a-b.
Obtain the equivalent resistance Rab for the circuit shown in Fig. 3 using star-delta conversion.
Find the Norton’s equivalent across the terminals ‘a’ and ‘b’ for the circuit shown in Figure 8.
Find ‘v’ using superposition theorem for the circuit shown in Figure 9.
Unit 3
A circuit consists of a resistor connected in series with a 0.5 µF capacitor and has a time constant of 12 ms. Determine
(i) the value of the resistor,
(ii) the capacitor voltage 7 ms after connecting the circuit to a 10 V supply.
A coil of inductance 0.04 H and resistance 10 2 is connected to a 120 V, d.c. supply. Determine (i) the final value of current, (ii) the time constant of the circuit, (iii) the value of current after a time equal to the time constant from the instant the supply voltage is connected, (iv) the expected time for the current to rise to within 1% of its final value.
In the circuit shown in Figure 10, the battery voltage is applied for a steady state period. Obtain the complete expression for the current after closing the switch ‘K’.
A capacitor of 5 microfarad is being charged to 10 V is connected to a resistance of 10 ko and is allowed to discharge through it by closing a switch ‘K’. Find the expression of discharging current.
Unit 4
A series circuit comprises a 10 2 resistance, a 5 µF capacitor and a variable inductance L. The supply voltage is 206 0° volts at a frequency of 318.3 Hz. The inductance is adjusted until the p.d. across the 10 Ω resistance is a maximum. Determine for this condition (i) the value of inductance L, (ii) the p.d. across each component and (iii) the Q-factor.
Determine the relationship between the resonance frequency and the half power frequencies of a series resonating circuit.
Following data refers to two coupled coils 1 and 2 (Figure 11). Ф11=0.5 mWb, 120.3 mWb, N₁100 turns, N2500 turns; i₁=1 A. Find coefficient of coupling, inductances L1, L2 and M.
A coil of inductance 5 mH and resistance 10 2 is connected in parallel with a 250 nF capacitor across a 50 V variable-frequency supply. Determine (i) the resonant frequency, (ii) the dynamic resistance, (iii) the current at resonance, and (iv) the circuit Q-factor at resonance.
Unit 5
A balanced, three-wire, star-connected, 3-phase load has a phase voltage of 240 V, a line current of 5 A and a lagging power factor of 0.966. Draw the complete phasor diagram and also write the procedure to construct the phasor diagram.
Explain the two wattmeter method of measuring three phase power with neat circuit connections.
A balanced three phase star connected load is connected across a 11 kV, 50 Hz, three phase supply. If the load consumes 150 kW and takes a leading current of 100 A, find the circuit constants of the load on per phase basis.
Three identical resistances are connected in a star fashion, against a balanced three phase voltage supply. If one of the resistances is removed, calculate the reduction in power.
PH3202 Physics for Electrical Engineering Important Questions
Unit 1
1. Derive an expression for orientational polarization in dielectric materials. Discuss how it varies with the temperature of the dielectric material.
2. Obtain an expression for internal field within the dielectric material and derive the Clausius-Mossotti equation.
3. Derive expressions for Electronic Polarization and Ionic Polarization in a dielectric material,
4. Show how microscopic property of atomic polarizability is related to macroscopic dielectric constant by obtaining expressions for Lorentz internal field and Clausius-Mossotti equation.
5. Discuss the frequency dependence of polarization of dielectric materials.
6. Calculate the electronic polarizability of neon. Given radius of neon atom is 0.16 nm and permittivity of free space is 8.85 × 10-12 Fm-1.
7. Define local field and derive Claussius-Mossoti equation.
8. Compare the insulation breakdown in gases, liquids and solids.
Unit 2
Derive expressions for density of energy states in a solid and obtain the Fermi Energy of electrons in a material at 0 Κ.
Obtain an expression for paramagnetic susceptibility of a solid and explain the behavior of paramagnetic solid with variation in temperature.
Derive expressions for density of energy states in a solid.
Explain how electrons behave in a periodic potential in a solid.
Classify magnetic materials and explain diamagnetic, Paramagnetic and Ferromagnetic effects.
Based on classical theory, deduce the expression for electrical conductivity.
Using the Fermi function, evaluate the temperature at which there is 1% probability that an electron in a solid will have an energy 0.5 eV above Ef of 5 eV.
Discuss in detail the origin of band gap when the electron is moving in the periodic potential.
What are GMR devices? List the applications of these.
Unit 3
Derive expressions for density of electrons in an intrinsic semiconductor and from the results, obtain an expression for density of electrons in an n-type semiconductor.
Derive expressions for Carrier transport by drift and diffusion of electrons and holes in semiconductors.
Derive carrier concentration in an intrinsic semiconductor and from the results, obtain an expression for density of electrons an N-type semiconductor.
Explain the variation of carrier concentration with temperature in a P-type semiconductor using suitable theory and diagram.
Differentiate intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors with examples.
Deduce an expression for carrier concentration in intrinsic semiconductor.
With neat diagram, explain the experiment to measure the concentration of charge carriers in N type semiconductor using Hall effect.
Unit 4
Describe the optical processes in semiconductors with diagrams.
Describe the construction and operation of an LED and Laser Diode.
Give the classification of Optical materials and explain the different optical processes in semiconductors.
Explain Electro-Optic Modulators and switching devices in detail.
Tabulate various optical materials and its applications.
Discuss the optical absorption in metals, semiconductors and insulators.
Explain the construction, working and advantages of
(1) LED
(2) Laser diode
Unit 5
Formulate expressions for Density of states for different dimensional quantum structures and explain its dependence on energy of the quantum structure.
Explain the construction and working of Single Electron Transistor
Explain the Single electron phenomena and the working of Single electron Transistor.
Explain the properties and applications of Carbon nanotubes.
Draw the schematic sketches and corresponding density of states of various low dimensional nanostructures.
What are nanomaterials and how are they unique?
What is Coulomb blockade effect? Explain its role in the working of Single electron transistors.
Give a note on the synthesis techniques and characteristics of metallic nano wires.
Fill in the blanks with suitable tense forms of the verb given in the brackets:
Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositional phrases for the following sentences:
Combine the sentences using appropriate cause and effect expressions
(a) Reena forgot to set her alarm clock. She was late for interview.
(b) The sales increased significantly. The company implemented a new marketing strategy.
(c) The integration of Al in various sectors has been rapidly advancing. Many traditional jobs are being automated.
(d) Meera studied diligently for weeks. She scored high marks in Board exams.
Change the following active voice sentences to passive sentences:
(a) The battalion has destroyed the war zone.
(b) Someone planted the mango tree last year.
Complete the following conditional sentences:
Identify the spelling and grammar errors in the following passage
Natural disaster is any calamitous occurence generated in the effects of natural, rather than human-driven, phenomena that produced great loss of human life or destruction of a natural environment, private property or public infrastructure. A natural disastor may be caused in weather and climate events or by earthquakes, landsides, and other occurrences that originate at Earth’s surface or within a planet itself.
Rewrite the following dialogue as reported speech.
Sam: Is it possible to use solar panels for residential purposes?
Victor: Sure, we have options for small scale installation too.
Fill in the blanks with appropriate modals for the following sentences. You cannot repeat the same modal words.
Rewrite the following phrases as numerical adjectives.
(a) A break lasting for 15 minutes.
(b) Report which had 30 pages.
(c) Trial lasting for 8 days.
(d) Interview which lasted for two hours.
Rewrite the following sentences using relative clauses:
(a) A novelist is a person. He writes novels.
(b) The house is beautiful. Its window is open.
(c) She bought a car. It runs very fast.
(d) She was wearing a long dress. It was blue in colour.
Part B
1. Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why? Write your response in the format of essay in not more than 250 words.
2. The Internet has transformed how information is shared and consumed, but it has also created problems that did not exist before. What are the most severe problems associated with the Internet and what solutions can you suggest? Write your response in the format of an essay in not more than 250 words.
3. You have noticed stray animals on the road during the busy hours of the day in your locality. These animals have caused traffic jams as well as accidents. There have been one or two instances when they tried to attack young children in the area. You have already written to the concerned authorities but no action has been taken so far. Write a letter to the Editor of a leading newspaper telling him about the problems created by the stray animals. Add a few suggestions to solve this issue.
4. A customer purchased a laptop online and is experiencing issues with the screen display and sound output. Although he wishes to exchange the system, he did not respond within the designated time frame for exchanges. Consequently, the company is unable to process an exchange but can offer servicing instead. Write a response to the customer’s complaint letter, politely refusing the exchange request and providing alternative solutions to address his concerns.
5. There has been a fire accident in the Chemistry lab of your college recently. The Head of the Department has asked you as the Class Representative to write a report on this accident. In your report include the following:
Brief details of the accident
The names of the students involved in the accident
Other dangers students have encountered
Improvements needed to ensure greater safety to students
Suggestions to create awareness about safety on college.
6. As part of your internship, your organization has tasked you with conducting a survey among students to understand their post-graduation plans. Specifically, the organization is interested in determining how many students choose higher education versus entering the workforce, as well as the reasons behind their choices. Conduct this survey and write a comprehensive report on your findings.
Your report should include the following:
Results from your questionnaire and interviews with students
Analysis and inferences drawn from the collected data
Recommendations for students regarding their future plans.
7. Vedanta Limited has advertised for Engineering Internship in their branches in Bangalore, Mumbai and Pune. Write a job application requesting for internship along with your resume. Send your job application to:
8. Digitech Inc. has been your dream company for many years. You have always wanted to work there. Though there has been no advertisement calling for freshers, you have got the information about a job vacancy from a friend who is working in the same company. Send your job application along with your CV to an email id you got it from the company website, hrmanager24@digitech.in.
