SYLLABUS OF PHYSICS FOR GEOINFORMATICS ENGINEERING – PH8202 Regulation 2017 Anna University Semester 2

OBJECTIVES: PH8202

• To understand PH8202 the principles of radiation mechanism, and energy interactions with atmosphere and earth features.
• For gaining knowledge about the gravitational fields and its variations on earth.
• To introduce imaging and non-imaging sensors in measuring and recoding energy variations.

UNIT I ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION PH8202

Electromagnetic Spectrum – radiation quantities – spectral quantities – relationship between luminous and radiant quantities – hemispherical reflectance, transmittance and absorbance,
measurement of electromagnetic radiation – responsivity – normalization, radiating structures – thermal emission – fluorescent emission – radiation principles – Planck‘s law, Wien’s Displacement
Law, Stefan’s Boltzmann law, Kirchoff‘s law.

PH8202 UNIT II INTERACTION OF EMR WITH ATMOSPHERE AND EARTH’S SURFACE

Introduction to atmosphere, atmospheric composition, atmospheric scattering, Rayleigh scattering, Mie scattering, non-selective scattering -atmospheric absorption – atmospheric windows, refraction
– interaction of EMR earth‘s surface – reflection – transmission – spectral signature – reflectance characteristics of Earth‘s cover type: Vegetation, water, soil – Interaction of microwave with atmosphere and Earth‘s surface – Radar – Radar operating principle – radar equation – Side Looking Airborne Radar – Definitions: Incidence angle, look angle, depression angle, Azimuth angle – Spatial resolution in radar – Synthetic Aperture radar.

UNIT III OPTICS FOR REMOTE SENSING PH8202

Lenses, mirrors, prisms – Defects of lens – chromatic aberration – longitudinal chromatic aberration – achromatism of lenses – achromatism for two lenses in contact – separated by a distance –
spherical aberration – minimization of Spherical aberration – coma and astigmatism – Radiative Transfer Functions, Lamella Pack, Volume scattering – Principles of photography: black and white
photography – sensitivity – speed – characteristic curve – developing and printing – basic colour photography – construction of colour films – film type – types of filter – and its uses.

PH8202 UNIT IV GRAVITATION AND SATELLITES

Newton‘s law of gravitation – Gravitational field and potential – Determination of gravity, variation of acceleration due to gravity of the earth with depth and with altitude – Variation of acceleration due
to gravity and rotation of the earth – Refraction. Diffraction – Fresnel theory, Polarisation, double refraction – Escape velocity – Kepler‘s law of planetary motion – Doppler effect – Orbital Mechanics,
Concept of orbits- propulsion, aero dynamics, navigation guidance and control. Satellites – Types of satellites – Earth observation satellites, Communications satellites, Navigation satellites,
Weather satellites, Military satellites and Scientific satellites.

UNIT V ELECTRO-OPTIC NON-IMAGING AND IMAGING SENSORS PH8202

Photomultipliers, photo resistors, photodiodes, nonselective detectors – Optical receivers: PIN diode and APD – Detectors: Basic detector mechanisms, noise in detectors. Thermal and photo
emissive detectors, Photoconductive and photovoltaic detectors, performance limits, Photography: Sensitivity, time and frequency response – hybrid photo detectors – Imaging detectors – eye and
vision, photographic film, Camera tubes, solid-state arrays, video: Detector electronics, detector interfacing – CCD camera.

OUTCOMES: PH8202

Upon completion of this course,

• The students will have knowledge on electromagnetic radiation,
• Students will acquire knowledge on interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter and its applications in radar,
• The students will get knowledge on geometrical optics and its applications in remote sensing,
• Students will gain knowledge on the importance of gravitation and types of satellites for different applications, and
• The students will understand the basics of optical devices and their applications in optolectronics.

PH8202 TEXT BOOKS:

1. Andrews, D.G. “An Introduction to Atmospheric Physics”, Cambridge University Press, 2010.
2. Manual of Remote Sensing, Published by American Society of Photogrammetry, 1988.
3. Paul Menzel, W. “Remote sensing applications with meteorological satellites”, NOAA Satellite Information Service, 2006.

REFERENCES PH8202

1. Anij Reddy, M. “Textbook of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information systems”, B S Publications, Hyderabad, 2008.
2. Graham Smith, F., King, T.A. & Wilkins, D. “Optics and Photonics: An Introduction”, John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
3. Lillesand, T.M., Kiefer, R.W & Chipman, J.W. “Remote Sensing & Image Interpretation”. Wiley India, 2007.
4. McLean, I.S. “Electronic Imaging in Astronomy: Detectors and Instrumentation”, Springer Science & Business Media, 2008.

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