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EC8491 Notes Communication Theory Regulation 2017 Anna University

EC8491 Notes Communication Theory

EC8491 Notes Communication Theory Regulation 2017 Anna University free download. Communication Theory Notes EC8491 pdf free download.

OUTCOMES: EC8491 Notes Communication Theory

At the end of the course, the student should be able to:
 Design AM communication systems
 Design Angle modulated communication systems
 Apply the concepts of Random Process to the design of Communication systems
 Analyze the noise performance of AM and FM systems
 Gain knowledge in sampling and quantization

OBJECTIVES: EC8491 Notes Communication Theory

 To introduce the concepts of various analog modulations and their spectral characteristics
 To understand the properties of random process
 To know the effect of noise on communication systems
 To study the limits set by Information Theory

TEXT BOOKS: EC8491 Notes Communication Theory

1. J.G.Proakis, M.Salehi, ―Fundamentals of Communication Systems‖, Pearson Education 2014. (UNIT I-IV)
2. Simon Haykin, ―Communication Systems‖, 4th Edition, Wiley, 2014.(UNIT I-V)

REFERENCES: Communication Theory Notes

1. B.P.Lathi, ―Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems‖, 3rd Edition, Oxford University Press, 2007.
2. D.Roody, J.Coolen, ―Electronic Communications, 4th edition PHI 2006
3. A.Papoulis, ―Probability, Random variables and Stochastic Processes‖, McGraw Hill, 3rd edition, 1991.
4. B.Sklar, ―Digital Communications Fundamentals and Applications‖, 2nd Edition Pearson Education 2007
5. H P Hsu, Schaum Outline Series – ―Analog and Digital Communications‖ TMH 2006
6. Couch.L., “Modern Communication Systems”, Pearson, 2001.

Subject name Communication Theory
Semester 4
Subject Code EC8491
Regulation 2017 regulation

EC8491 Communication Theory Notes Click Here To Download

EC8491 Syllabus Communication Theory

EC8491 Important Questions Communication Theory

EC8491 Question Bank Communication Theory

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ECE UG syllabus R-2017

EC8491 Syllabus Communication Theory Regulation 2017 Anna University

EC8491 Syllabus Communication Theory

EC8491 Syllabus Communication Theory Regulation 2017 Anna University free download. Communication Theory Syllabus EC8491 pdf free download.

UNIT I AMPLITUDE MODULATION 9 EC8491 Syllabus Communication Theory

Amplitude Modulation- DSBSC, DSBFC, SSB, VSB – Modulation index, Spectra, Power relations and Bandwidth – AM Generation – Square law and Switching modulator, DSBSC Generation – Balanced and Ring Modulator, SSB Generation – Filter, Phase Shift and Third Methods, VSB Generation – Filter Method, Hilbert Transform, Pre-envelope & complex envelope –comparison of different AM techniques, Superheterodyne Receiver

UNIT II ANGLE MODULATION 9 EC8491 Syllabus Communication Theory

Phase and frequency modulation, Narrow Band and Wide band FM – Modulation index, Spectra, Power relations and Transmission Bandwidth – FM modulation –Direct and Indirect methods, FM Demodulation – FM to AM conversion, FM Discriminator – PLL as FM Demodulator.

UNIT III RANDOM PROCESS 9 EC8491 Syllabus Communication Theory

Random variables, Random Process, Stationary Processes, Mean, Correlation & Covariance functions, Power Spectral Density, Ergodic Processes, Gaussian Process, Transmission of a Random Process Through a LTI filter.

UNIT IV NOISE CHARACTERIZATION 9

Noise sources – Noise figure, noise temperature and noise bandwidth – Noise in cascaded systems. Representation of Narrow band noise –In-phase and quadrature, Envelope and Phase – Noise performance analysis in AM & FM systems – Threshold effect, Pre-emphasis and de-emphasis for FM.

UNIT V SAMPLING & QUANTIZATION 9 EC8491 Syllabus Communication Theory

Low pass sampling – Aliasing- Signal Reconstruction-Quantization – Uniform & non-uniform quantization – quantization noise – Logarithmic Companding –PAM, PPM, PWM, PCM – TDM, FDM.

OBJECTIVES:

 To introduce the concepts of various analog modulations and their spectral characteristics
 To understand the properties of random process
 To know the effect of noise on communication systems
 To study the limits set by Information Theory

Subject name Communication Theory
Semester 4
Subject Code EC8491
Regulation 2017 regulation

EC8491 Communication Theory Syllabus Click Here To Download

EC8491 Notes Communication Theory

EC8491 Important Questions Communication Theory

EC8491 Question Bank Communication Theory

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ECE question bank

EC8452 Question Bank Electronic Circuits 2 Regulation 2017 Anna University

EC8452 Question Bank Electronic Circuits 2

EC8452 Question Bank Electronic Circuits 2 Regulation 2017 Anna University free download. Electronic Circuits 2 Question Bank EC8452 pdf free download.

Sample EC8452 Question Bank Electronic Circuits 2

1. Write a brief note on expressions for gain with positive and negative feedback. (13)

2. List the effects of negative feedback on stability, distortion, noise, input and output impedance of a feedback amplifier. (13)

3. (i) Identify the effect of negative feedback on the bandwidth and
harmonic distortion of an amplifier. (7)
(ii) A negative feedback amplifier has an open loop gain of 60000 and a closed loop gain of 300. If the open loop upper cut off frequency is 15KHz, Choose the closed loop upper cutoff frequency. Also, calculate the total harmonic distortion with feedback if there is 10% harmonic distortion without feedback. (6) EC8452 Question Bank Electronic Circuits 2

4. (i) A voltage-series negative feedback amplifier has a voltage gain without feedback of A = 500, input resistance Ri = 3kΩ, output resistance Ro = 20kΩ and feedback ratio β = 0.01. Find the voltage gain Af, input resistance Rif and output resistance Rof of the amplifier with feedback. (7)
(ii) The current-series feedback types of transistor amplifier for the given circuit diagram has the following parameters such as Rs=1KΩ, RL = 1KΩ Re = 100Ω hfe = 80 and hie = 2kΩ. show 𝐺𝑀, β, 𝐺𝑀𝑓, Rif, 𝑅𝑜𝑓. (6) EC8452 Question Bank Electronic Circuits 2

5. An amplifier, without feedback, has a voltage gain of 500, lower cut-off frequency f1 = 100 Hz, upper cut-off frequency f2 = 250 KHz and a distortion of 10%. Calculate the amplifier voltage gain, lower cut-off frequency and upper cut-off frequency and distortion, sensitivity, desensitivity and bandwidth when a negative feedback is applied with feedback ratio of 0.01. EC8452 Question Bank Electronic Circuits 2

6. Explain the effect of a current series feedback on input and output resistance of a BJT amplifier. Explain the same, with necessary circuit, equivalent circuit and equations.

Subject name Electronic Circuits 2
Semester 4
Subject Code EC8452
Regulation 2017 regulation

EC8452 Question Bank Electronic Circuits 2 Click Here To Download

EC8452 Syllabus Electronic Circuits 2

EC8452 Notes Electronic Circuits 2

EC8452 Important Questions Electronic Circuits 2

Categories
ECE Important question

EC8452 Important Questions Electronic Circuits 2 Regulation 2017 Anna University

EC8452 Important Questions Electronic Circuits 2

EC8452 Important Questions Electronic Circuits 2 Regulation 2017 Anna University free download. Electronic Circuits 2 Important Questions EC8452 pdf free download.

Sample EC8452 Important Questions Electronic Circuits 2

1. Define positive and negative feedback.
2. List the effect of negative feedback on the noise and bandwidth of an amplifier.
3. State sensitivity and de-sensitivity of gain in feedback amplifiers.
4. A negative feedback amplifier has a bandwidth of 250 KHz and desensitivity factor of 4. What is the bandwidth of the basic amplifier
without feedback?
5. Tabulate the input and output resistances of a negative feedback
amplifier. EC8452 Important Questions Electronic Circuits 2
6. Draw the magnitude and phase angle plot of three stage amplifier.
7. Outline the loop gain or return ratio of feedback amplifier.
8. Discuss the advantages of negative feedback in amplifiers.
9. Express the reason for negative feedback which increases bandwidth.
10. Describe the effect of gain in amplifier when voltage shunt & series feedback is employed.
11. Applying the impact of negative feedback on noise and distortion in amplifier circuits. EC8452 Important Questions Electronic Circuits 2
12. Calculate the voltage gain and output voltage of a negative feedback amplifier with A=120, β=0.05 and Vs=75mV.
13. Illustrate the current series & current shunt feedback.
14. Analyzing the feedback factor of an amplifier.
15. Differentiate Phase margin and Gain margin.
16. Examine the decrease in output impedance in feedback amplifiers.  EC8452 Important Questions Electronic Circuits 2
17. Summarize the Trans-resistance amplifier.
18. Evaluating the Nyquist criterion for stability of feedback amplifiers.
19. Construct the equivalent circuit of Trans-conductance amplifier.
20. Discuss the frequency compensation after the Miller Compensation. EC8452 Important Questions Electronic Circuits 2

Subject name Electronic Circuits 2
Semester 4
Subject Code EC8452
Regulation 2017 regulation

EC8452 Electronic Circuits 2 Important Questions Click Here To Download

EC8452 Syllabus Electronic Circuits 2

EC8452 Notes Electronic Circuits 2

EC8452 Question Bank Electronic Circuits 2

Categories
ECE r2017 notes

EC8452 Notes Electronic Circuits 2 Regulation 2017 Anna University

EC8452 Notes Electronic Circuits 2

EC8452 Notes Electronic Circuits 2 Regulation 2017 Anna University free download. Electronic Circuits 2 Notes EC8452 pdf free download.

OUTCOMES: EC8452 Notes Electronic Circuits 2

Upon completion of the course, the student should be able to:
 Analyze different types of amplifier, oscillator and multivibrator circuits
 Design BJT amplifier and oscillator circuits
 Analyze transistorized amplifier and oscillator circuits
 Design and analyze feedback amplifiers
 Design LC and RC oscillators, tuned amplifiers, wave shaping circuits, multivibrators, power amplifier and DC convertors.

TEXT BOOKS: EC8452 Electronic Circuits 2

Sedra and Smith, ―Micro Electronic Circuits‖; Sixth Edition, Oxford University Press, 2011. (UNIT I, III,IV,V)

Jacob Millman, ‗Microelectronics‘, McGraw Hill, 2nd Edition, Reprinted, 2009. (UNIT I,II,IV,V)

REFERENCES: EC8452 Notes Electronic Circuits 2

Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nasheresky, ―Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory‖, 10th Edition, Pearson Education / PHI, 2008

David A. Bell, ―Electronic Devices and Circuits‖, Fifth Edition, Oxford University Press, 2008.

Millman J. and Taub H., ―Pulse Digital and Switching Waveforms‖, TMH, 2000.

Millman and Halkias. C., Integrated Electronics, TMH, 2007.

OBJECTIVES: EC8452 Notes Electronic Circuits 2

 To give a comprehensive exposure to all types of amplifiers and oscillators constructed with discrete components. This helps to develop a strong basis for building linear and digital integrated circuits
 To study about feedback amplifiers and oscillators principles
 To design oscillators.
 To study about turned amplifier.
 To understand the analysis and design of LC and RC oscillators, amplifiers, multi vibrators, power amplifiers and DC convertors.

Subject name Electronic Circuits 2
Semester 4
Subject Code EC8452
Regulation 2017 regulation

EC8452 Electronic Circuits 2 Notes Click Here To Download

EC8452 Syllabus Electronic Circuits 2

EC8452 Important Questions Electronic Circuits 2

EC8452 Question Bank Electronic Circuits 2

Categories
ECE UG syllabus R-2017

EC8452 Syllabus Electronic Circuits 2 Regulation 2017 Anna University

EC8452 Syllabus Electronic Circuits 2

EC8452 Syllabus Electronic Circuits 2 Regulation 2017 Anna University free download. Electronic Circuits 2 Syllabus EC8452 pdf free download.

OBJECTIVES: EC8452 Syllabus Electronic Circuits 2

 To give a comprehensive exposure to all types of amplifiers and oscillators constructed with discrete components. This helps to develop a strong basis for building linear and digital integrated circuits
 To study about feedback amplifiers and oscillators principles
 To design oscillators.
 To study about turned amplifier.
 To understand the analysis and design of LC and RC oscillators, amplifiers, multi vibrators, power amplifiers and DC convertors.

UNIT I FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS AND STABILITY 9 EC8452 Syllabus Electronic Circuits 2

Feedback Concepts – gain with feedback – effect of feedback on gain stability, distortion, bandwidth, input and output impedances; topologies of feedback amplifiers – analysis of series-series, shunt-shunt and shunt-series feedback amplifiers-stability problem-Gain and Phase-margins-Frequency compensation.

UNIT II OSCILLATORS 9 EC8452 Electronic Circuits 2

Barkhausen criterion for oscillation – phase shift, Wien bridge – Hartley & Colpitt‘s oscillators – Clapp oscillator-Ring oscillators and crystal oscillators – oscillator amplitude stabilization.

UNIT III TUNED AMPLIFIERS 9 EC8452 Syllabus Electronic Circuits 2

Coil losses, unloaded and loaded Q of tank circuits, small signal tuned amplifiers – Analysis of capacitor coupled single tuned amplifier – double tuned amplifier – effect of cascading single tuned and double tuned amplifiers on bandwidth – Stagger tuned amplifiers – Stability of tuned amplifiers – Neutralization – Hazeltine neutralization method.

UNIT IV WAVE SHAPING AND MULTIVIBRATOR CIRCUITS 9 EC8452 Syllabus Electronic Circuits 2

Pulse circuits – attenuators – RC integrator and differentiator circuits – diode clampers and clippers –Multivibrators – Schmitt Trigger- UJT Oscillator.

UNIT V POWER AMPLIFIERS AND DC CONVERTERS 9 EC8452  Electronic Circuits 2

Power amplifiers- class A-Class B-Class AB-Class C-Power MOSFET-Temperature Effect- Class AB Power amplifier using MOSFET –DC/DC convertors – Buck, Boost, Buck-Boost analysis and design

Subject name Electronic Circuits 2
Semester 4
Subject Code EC8452
Regulation 2017 regulation

EC8452 Electronic Circuits 2 Syllabus Click Here To Download

EC8452 Notes Electronic Circuits 2

EC8452 Important Questions Electronic Circuits 2

EC8452 Question Bank Electronic Circuits 2

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ECE question bank

MA8451 Question Bank Probability and Random Processes Regulation 2017 Anna University

MA8451 Question Bank Probability and Random Processes

MA8451 Question Bank Probability and Random Processes Regulation 2017 Anna University free download. Probability and Random Processes Question Bank MA8451 pdf free download. Short Name PRP

Sample MA8451 Question Bank Probability and Random Processes

A bolt is manufactured by 3 machines A, B, and C. A turns out twice as many items as B and machines B and C produce equal number of items. 2% of bolts produced by A and B are defective and 4% of bolts produced by C are defective. All bolts are put into 1 stock pile and 1 is chosen from this pile. What is the probability that it is defective?

Find the moment generating function of a geometric random variable. Also find its mean.. MA8451 Question Bank Probability and Random Processes

The probability distribution of an infinite discrete distribution is given by P[ X = j ] = 1 2𝑗 ( j = 1,2,3…) Find (1)Mean of X, (2)P [X is even],(3) P(X is odd)

Find the MGF of Poisson distribution and hence find its mean and variance. MA8451 Question Bank Probability and Random Processes

An urn contains 10 white and 3 black balls. Another urn contains 3 white and 5 black balls. Two balls are drawn at random from the first urn and placed in the second urn and then 1 ball is taken at random from the latter. What is the probability that it is a white ball?

Find the MGF of Uniform distribution and hence find its mean and variance. MA8451 Question Bank Probability and Random Processes

If x1 , x2 and x3 are 3 independent observations of X. Find the
probability that exactly one of these 3 is greater than 1.5?

The probability of a man hitting a target is 1.4. If he fires 7 times, what is the probability of his hitting the target at least twice? And how many times must MA8451 Question Bank Probability and Random Processes

Subject name Probability and Random Processes
Semester 4
Subject Code MA8451
Regulation 2017 regulation

MA8451 Probability and Random Processes Question Bank Click Here To Download

MA8451 Syllabus Probability and Random Processes

MA8451 Notes Probability and Random Processes

MA8451 Important Questions Probability and Random Processes

Categories
ECE Important question

MA8451 Important Questions Probability and Random Processes Regulation 2017 Anna University

MA8451 Important Questions Probability and Random Processes

MA8451 Important Questions Probability and Random Processes Regulation 2017 Anna University free download. Probability and Random Processes Important Questions MA8451 pdf free download. Short Name PRP

Sample MA8451 Important Questions Probability and Random Processes

If the probability density function of a random variable X is f(x) = ¼ in – 2 < x < 2 find P(|𝑥| > 1)

If X is a geometric variate, taking values 1,2,3…..∞, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑃(𝑋 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑑𝑑)

State the memory less property of the exponential distribution. MA8451 Important Questions Probability and Random Processes

The mean and variance of binomial distribution are 5 and 4 Find the
distribution of X.

The mean of Binomial distribution is 20 and standard deviation is 4. Find the parameters of the distribution.

If the events A and B are independent then show that 𝐴̅ and 𝐵 ̅ are
independent.

Find the Moment generating function of a continuous random variable  MA8451 Important Questions Probability and Random Processes

If 3% of the electric bulbs manufactured by a company are defective,

Find the probability that in a sample of 100 bulbs exactly 5 bulbs are defective.

If a random variable X has the MGF 𝑀𝑋(t) . Find the standard
deviation of X.

Show that the function 𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑒−𝑥 , 𝑥 ≥ 0 0, 𝑥 < 0 is a probability density function of a continuous random variable X.

Show that the moment generating function of the uniform distribution 𝑓(𝑥) = 1

If the MGF of a uniform distribution for a RV X is 1𝑡
(𝑒5𝑡 − 𝑒4𝑡). Find E(X).  MA8451 Important Questions Probability and Random Processes

A is known to hit the target in 2 out of 5 shots whereas B is known to hit the target in 3 of 4 shots. Find the probability of the target being hit when they both try?

If the probability that a communication system has high selectivity is 0.54 and the probability that it will have fidelity is 0.81 and the probability that it will have both is 0.18. Find the probability that a system with high fidelity will have high selectivity.

Subject name Probability and Random Processes
Semester 4
Subject Code MA8451
Regulation 2017 regulation

MA8451 Probability and Random Processes Important Questions Click Here To Download

MA8451 Syllabus Probability and Random Processes

MA8451 Notes Probability and Random Processes

MA8451 Question Bank Probability and Random Processes

Categories
ECE r2017 notes

MA8451 Notes Probability and Random Processes Regulation 2017 Anna University

MA8451 Notes Probability and Random Processes

MA8451 Notes Probability and Random Processes Regulation 2017 Anna University free download. Probability and Random Processes Notes MA8451 pdf free download. Short Name PRP

OUTCOMES: MA8451 Notes Probability and Random Processes

Upon successful completion of the course, students should be able to:

 Understand the fundamental knowledge of the concepts of probability and have knowledge of standard distributions which can describe real life phenomenon.

 Understand the basic concepts of one and two dimensional random variables and apply in
engineering applications.

 Apply the concept random processes in engineering disciplines.  Understand and apply the concept of correlation and spectral densities.

 The students will have an exposure of various distribution functions and help in acquiring
skills in handling situations involving more than one variable. Able to analyze the response of random inputs to linear time invariant systems.

TEXT BOOKS: MA8451 Notes Probability and Random Processes

1. Ibe, O.C.,” Fundamentals of Applied Probability and Random Processes “, 1st Indian Reprint, Elsevier, 2007.

2. Peebles, P.Z., “Probability, Random Variables and Random Signal Principles “, Tata McGraw Hill, 4th Edition, New Delhi, 2002.

REFERENCES: MA8451 Notes Probability and Random Processes

1. Cooper. G.R., McGillem. C.D., “Probabilistic Methods of Signal and System Analysis”, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 3rd Indian Edition, 2012.

2. Hwei Hsu, “Schaum‘s Outline of Theory and Problems of Probability, Random Variables and Random Processes “, Tata McGraw Hill Edition, New Delhi, 2004.

3. Miller. S.L. and Childers. D.G., ―Probability and Random Processes with Applications to Signal Processing and Communications “, Academic Press, 2004.

4. Stark. H. and Woods. J.W., ―Probability and Random Processes with Applications to Signal Processing “, Pearson Education, Asia, 3rd Edition, 2002.

5. Yates. R.D. and Goodman. D.J., ―Probability and Stochastic Processes”, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, 2nd Edition, 2012.

Subject name Probability and Random Processes
Semester 4
Subject Code MA8451
Regulation 2017 regulation

MA8451 Probability and Random Processes Notes Click Here To Download

MA8451 Syllabus Probability and Random Processes

MA8451 Important Questions Probability and Random Processes

MA8451 Question Bank Probability and Random Processes

Categories
ECE

MA8451 Syllabus Probability and Random Processes Regulation 2017 Anna University free download

MA8451 Syllabus Probability and Random Processes

MA8451 Syllabus Probability and Random Processes Regulation 2017 Anna University free download. Probability and Random Processes Syllabus MA8451 pdf free download. Short Name PRP.

OBJECTIVES :

 To provide necessary basic concepts in probability and random processes for applications such as random signals, linear systems in communication engineering.
 To understand the basic concepts of probability, one and two dimensional random variables and to introduce some standard distributions applicable to engineering which can describe real life phenomenon.
 To understand the basic concepts of random processes which are widely used in IT fields.
 To understand the concept of correlation and spectral densities.
 To understand the significance of linear systems with random inputs.

UNIT I PROBABILITY AND RANDOM VARIABLES 12 MA8451 Syllabus Probability and Random Processes

Probability – Axioms of probability – Conditional probability – Baye‘s theorem – Discrete and continuous random variables – Moments – Moment generating functions – Binomial, Poisson, Geometric, Uniform, Exponential and Normal distributions.

UNIT II TWO – DIMENSIONAL RANDOM VARIABLES 12 MA8451 Syllabus Probability and Random Processes

Joint distributions – Marginal and conditional distributions – Covariance – Correlation and linear regression – Transformation of random variables – Central limit theorem (for independent and identically distributed random variables).

UNIT III RANDOM PROCESSES 12 MA8451 Probability and Random Processes

Classification – Stationary process – Markov process – Markov chain – Poisson process – Random telegraph process.

UNIT IV CORRELATION AND SPECTRAL DENSITIES 12 MA8451  Probability and Random Processes

Auto correlation functions – Cross correlation functions – Properties – Power spectral density – Cross spectral density – Properties.

UNIT V LINEAR SYSTEMS WITH RANDOM INPUTS 12 MA8451 Probability and Random Processes

Linear time invariant system – System transfer function – Linear systems with random inputs – Auto correlation and cross correlation functions of input and output.

Subject name Probability and Random Processes
Semester 4
Subject Code MA8451
Regulation 2017 regulation

MA8451 Probability and Random Processes Syllabus Click Here To Download

MA8451 Notes Probability and Random Processes

MA8451 Important Questions Probability and Random Processes

MA8451 Question Bank Probability and Random Processes